Chapter on the acts that entail blood money, the liability of the ʿāqilah, and expiation.

If a person suddenly shouts at a child who has not yet reached the age of discernment while the child is standing on the edge of a roof, and the child consequently falls and dies, an aggravated diyah is owed by the ʿāqilah; another opinion requires retaliatory killing (qiṣāṣ).

If the child was on the ground instead, or if the shout was directed at an adult standing on a roof’s edge, then—according to the sound view—no diyah is due.

Brandishing a weapon is treated like shouting, and an alert adolescent is treated as an adult.

If he shouts at game and a child, startled by the noise, falls, a reduced diyah is payable by the ʿāqilah.

If a ruler pursues a woman about whom he has heard malignant rumors and she miscarries out of fear, he must compensate for the fetus.

If someone places a child in a den of wild beasts and the child is devoured, no liability is incurred; some jurists, however, state that if the child had no possibility of escape, liability is established.

If he chases a man with a sword and the fugitive, while fleeing, throws