is valued at one-third of the diyah; the septum (ḥājiz) between the two nostrils is likewise one-third, although another view leaves the septum to the judge’s discretionary appraisal (ḥukūmah). Together, the two extremities and the septum complete a full diyah.

Each lip carries half a diyah.

The tongue— even when the person stammers, substitutes letters, lisps, or is still a child—entails a full diyah. One opinion, however, makes the child’s entitlement conditional on his having shown the early stirrings of speech by moving the tongue while crying or suckling. For a congenitally mute person, compensation is determined by ḥukūmah.

Every tooth of a free Muslim male is valued at five camels, whether only its visible part is broken and the root remains or the whole tooth is pulled out, root and all. A supernumerary tooth is compensated by ḥukūmah. If a tooth is merely loosened, but only slightly, it is treated as sound; if its usefulness is altogether lost, ḥukūmah is payable; and if its usefulness is reduced, the stronger opinion still treats it as sound.

Should someone extract the tooth of a small child whose permanent teeth have not yet appeared, and the tooth fails to grow back because the socket has been damaged, the arsh is due. The more reliable position is that, if the child dies before it becomes clear whether the tooth will return, nothing is payable; and that, if a permanent tooth is extracted and later grows back, the arsh already incurred is not cancelled.

If several teeth are removed, the total is calculated according to their number, though another opinion limits the aggregate to a single diyah when the assailant and the act are the same.

Each jaw carries half a diyah, and—on the sound view—the compensation for teeth is not included in the diyah for the two jaws.

Each hand is worth half a diyah when severed at the wrist; if the cut is above the wrist, an additional ḥukūmah is assessed.

Every finger entails ten camels; each of its three phalanges one-third of that, while the phalanges of the thumb are valued at one-half of that amount. The two feet follow the same rulings as the two hands.

The loss of both nipples incurs a full diyah; for a single nipple the amount is set by ḥukūmah, though another opinion awards the full diyah.

The two testicles carry a full diyah, as does the penis—even for a child, an elderly man, or an impotent one. The glans (ḥashafah) is treated like the penis in its entirety, and part of it is compensated proportionally, whether in relation to the glans itself or, according to another opinion, in relation to the whole penis. The same principle applies to a portion of the mārin or of a nipple.

The two buttocks together entail a full diyah, as do the two labia. The same ruling extends to completely flaying off their skin while the victim remains alive, and to slitting his throat without total decapitation.

Subsidiary ruling: The loss of intellect requires a full diyah. If the impairment results from a wound that already calls for an arsh or a ḥukūmah, both payments are required; another opinion merges the lesser amount into the greater. If the victim claims that his intellect is gone and his words and actions are incoherent even in private, he receives the diyah without taking an oath.

Hearing likewise carries a full diyah; the loss of one ear entails half, though another view compensates according to the exact diminution. If both the ears themselves and the faculty of hearing are destroyed, two diyahs are due. If he claims that his hearing is gone and he is visibly startled