placing “dirhams” in the accusative, he becomes liable for two dirhams, whereas, if he puts the word in the nominative or genitive, he owes one. Should he omit the conjunction “and,” his liability in every case is one dirham.
If he says, “A thousand and a dirham,” without first clarifying that the thousand is other than dirhams, the entire amount is treated as dirhams.
If he says, “Twenty-five dirhams,” then, according to the sounder opinion, the whole figure is reckoned in dirhams.
If he adds, “The dirhams I acknowledged are light in weight,” and the coinage of the land is of full weight, the correct view is that his qualification is accepted when it is joined to the acknowledgment and rejected when it is uttered separately.
If the local coins are themselves underweight, the qualification is accepted whether it is linked to the acknowledgment or kept separate; and construing his words to mean adulterated (mughshusha) coins is treated the same as construing them to mean underweight coins.
If he says, “I owe from one dirham up to ten,” he is liable for nine according to the preferred view.
If he says, “A dirham in ten,” then—if he intends accompaniment—he owes eleven; if he intends arithmetic reckoning, ten; otherwise, one dirham.

Section
If he says, “I have a sword in a sheath,” or “a garment in a chest,” he is not liable for the container. But if he says, “a sheath containing a sword,” or “a chest containing a garment,” he is liable for the container alone.
If he acknowledges “a slave with a turban on his head,” the turban is not included, according to the sounder opinion. By contrast, if he says, “a mount with its saddle,” or “an embroidered garment,” he is liable for everything mentioned.
If he declares, “There is a thousand in my father’s estate,” this counts as an acknowledgment that his father owed a debt. But if he says, “In my inheritance from my father there is a thousand,” the statement is deemed merely a promise of a gift.
If he says, “I owe a dirham, a dirham,” he is liable for one dirham; but if he says, “and a dirham,” he is liable for two.
If he says, “A dirham and a dirham and a dirham,” the first two bind him to two dirhams. As for the third: if he intended it to reinforce the second, nothing further is due; if he intended it as a fresh acknowledgment, a third dirham becomes due. The same ruling applies if he intended it to reinforce the first, or if no intention is specified, which is the sounder view.
Whenever a person makes an indeterminate acknowledgment—such as saying, “a thing,” or “a garment”—and, when asked to clarify, he refuses