Chapter on Being Prevented (iḥṣār) and Missing the Standing (fawāt)

Anyone who is prevented from reaching the Sacred Precinct may release himself from iḥrām. A minority holds that no release is effected in such a case, nor in the case of illness; yet, if he had attached a condition to his intention, he may exit by virtue of that condition according to the well-known view. Whoever does exit must slaughter a sheep at the very spot where he was prevented.

I say: Release is only achieved through the slaughter, coupled with the intention to exit; the same applies to shaving if we consider it an act of worship. Should the animal not be available, the sounder position is that he may substitute for it by giving food equal to the value of a sheep. If he cannot manage even that, he fasts one day for every mudd, and—on the more correct view—he may exit iḥrām immediately. Allah knows best.

If a slave enters iḥrām without his master’s permission, the master may dissolve it. Likewise, a husband may dissolve his wife’s voluntary Hajj undertaken without his consent, and, according to the stronger view, even her obligatory Hajj.

No make-up is required of a volunteer pilgrim who is prevented. If, however, it was a firmly established obligatory Hajj, the duty remains upon him; and if it had not yet become firmly established, the obligation is reassessed when he later possesses the means.

Whoever misses the standing at ʿArafāt exits iḥrām by performing ṭawāf, saʿy, and shaving—though there is a second opinion regarding the latter two. He must also offer a sacrifice and repeat the Hajj thereafter.