and to Allah belongs all praise. Allah is Most Great for having guided us, and all praise belongs to Allah for the favors He has bestowed upon us. There is no god but Allah alone, without partner; His is the dominion and His is the praise; He gives life and causes death; in His hand is all good, and He has power over all things.” He then supplicates for whatever he wishes, in matters of religion and of this world.

I say: He repeats this remembrance and supplication a second and a third time—Allah knows best. He should walk at the beginning of the saʿy and at its end, and hasten in the middle while making supplication there; the place for the two modes is well known.

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It is recommended for the imam, or the deputy he appoints, to deliver a single sermon in Mecca on the seventh of Dhu al-Hijjah after the noon prayer. In it he instructs the people to set out early for Mina and teaches them the rites that lie ahead. On the following day he leads them to Mina, where they spend the night; when the sun has risen they proceed to ʿArafat.

I say: They do not enter ʿArafat straightaway but remain at Namirah, near ʿArafat, until the sun begins to decline—Allah knows best. After the zenith the imam delivers two sermons, then leads the congregation in combining the noon and afternoon prayers. They remain at ʿArafat until sunset, remembering Allah, invoking Him, and frequently proclaiming His oneness. When the sun has set they head for Muzdalifah, delaying the sunset prayer so that it may be performed together with the night prayer there as a combined prayer.

The obligatory standing is fulfilled by being present on any part of the plain of ʿArafat, even if merely passing through in pursuit of an escaped servant or the like, provided one is legally capable of worship and not unconscious; sleeping poses no problem. The time for standing begins at noon on the Day of ʿArafah, and the sound opinion is that it continues until dawn on the Day of Sacrifice. If someone stood during the day but left ʿArafat before sunset and did not return, he should—by way of recommendation—slaughter an animal in expiation; another view holds that this is obligatory. Should he return and be present there at sunset, no expiation is due, and the same applies—according to the sound view—if he returns during the night.

If they were to stand on the tenth day by mistake, their standing would still suffice, except