7- Raising the voice with dhikr (verbal remembrance of Allah) and the takbīr when escorting the pilgrims at their departure and on their return.
8- Calling the adhān when bidding them farewell.
9- The ceremonial maḥmal (decorated palanquin) and the celebrations that accompany the dispatch of the Kaaba’s kiswa.1
10- Some states sending the pilgrims off with musical bands!
11- Travelling alone—in the claim of certain Sufis—to find intimate companionship with Allah!
12- Setting out without provisions in order to validate one’s claim of tawakkul (reliance on Allah)!
13- Travelling for the purpose of visiting the graves of prophets and righteous people.
14- For a man to conclude a marriage contract with a woman who is already married, merely so that, lacking a maḥram, she may take him along as her maḥram while performing Hajj.2
15- A woman establishing a fictitious “brotherhood” with an unrelated man so that, according to their claim, he becomes her maḥram, after which she treats him as she would her actual maḥrams.
16- A woman travelling with a group of supposedly trustworthy women without any maḥram, or asserting that the maḥram of one member of the group serves as a maḥram for them all!
17- Levying the maks3 (illicit toll) on pilgrims who are on their way to perform the obligatory Hajj.
18- The traveller’s praying two rakʿahs each time he makes camp, saying: “O Allah, lodge me in a blessed lodging; You are the best of those who lodge.”
19- The traveller’s reciting Sūrah al-Ikhlāṣ eleven times, Āyat al-Kursī once, and the verse, “They have not esteemed Allah as He ought to be esteemed,” once at every stopping-place.