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As for declaring people unbelievers, I pronounce takfīr only upon the one who comes to know the Messenger’s religion and, after acquiring that knowledge, reviles it, forbids others from it, and shows open enmity toward it—as he actually did. Such a person I deem a disbeliever, and most of the ummah, praise be to Allah, are not like that.1
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With regard to fighting, we have never taken up arms against anyone except to defend life and honor. Our fighting is purely retaliatory, in keeping with the verse, “The recompense of an evil deed is an evil like it” (Q 42:40).2 The same rule applies to anyone who openly reviles the Messenger’s religion after recognizing it. He also said:3
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Moreover, I have obligated those under my authority to establish the prayer, pay the zakāh, and fulfill the rest of Allah’s obligations, and I have forbidden them from usury, drinking intoxicants, and every kind of wrongdoing.
The stages through which Shaykh Muhammad’s daʿwah passed:
The Shaykh began his call in the town of Ḥuraymilah, where his father resided. When circumstances there proved unfavorable, he left in search of another venue and headed to al-ʿUyaynah. He approached its amir, ʿUthmān ibn Muʿammar, who at first supported him. Students gathered around him, and he set about enforcing the rulings of the Sharīʿah: he demolished certain idolatrous domes and carried out the stoning for adultery.