Fiqh al-Adiyah wa-al-Adhkar - Abd al-Razzaq ibn Abd al-Muhsin al-Badr - (3/293)

Fiqh al-Adiyah wa-al-AdhkarAbd al-Razzaq ibn Abd al-Muhsin al-Badr

ever be harmed by any devil.”1

The wisdom behind this is that Satan has a share in people’s wealth and children, as Allah Most High says: “Become a partner in their wealth and children, and make promises to them. Yet Satan promises them nothing but delusion.”2 When a Muslim makes this supplication, he is spared such participation and protected from Satan’s evil.

The Sunnah also records the practice of seeking Allah’s protection for children against Satan. Al-Bukhārī narrated from Ibn Abbās, may Allah be pleased with them both, that he said: “The Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, used to invoke protection for al-Hasan and al-Husayn, saying: ‘Your forefather used to invoke protection for Ishmael and Isaac with these words: I seek refuge in the perfect words of Allah from every devil and every harmful creature, and from every evil eye that afflicts.’”3

It was also part of the Prophet’s guidance, peace and blessings be upon him, concerning children to pray that they be blessed. Among the reports concerning this is what al-Bukhārī and Muslim narrated from Asmā, may Allah be pleased with her: “She brought her son Abd Allāh ibn al-Zubayr, may Allah be pleased with them both, to the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, and placed him in his lap. He then called for a date and chewed it, after which he spat into the child’s mouth. Thus, the first thing to enter his stomach was the saliva of the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him. He then rubbed his palate with the date, supplicated for him, and pronounced a blessing upon him. He was the first child born in Islam.”4 That is, he was the first child born to the Emigrants in Medina.

(1) Sahīh al-Bukhārī (no. 5165); Sahīh Muslim (no. 1434). (2) Surah al-Isrā, verse 64. (3) Sahīh al-Bukhārī (no. 3371). (4) Sahīh al-Bukhārī (no. 3909); Sahīh Muslim (no. 2146).

يَضُرَّهُ شَيْطَانٌ أَبَداً"١. والحكمةُ في ذلك أنَّ الشيطانَ له مشارَكةٌ في الأموال والأولاد، كما في قوله تعالى: ﴿وَشَارِكْهُمْ فِي الأَمْوَالِ وَالأَوْلادِ وَعِدْهُمْ وَمَا يَعِدُهُمُ الشَّيْطَانُ إِلاَّ غُرُوراً﴾ ٢، فإذا دعا المسلمُ بهذه الدعوة سلمَ من هذه المشاركة ووُقي من شرِّه. وقد جاء في السُّنَّة كذلك تعويذ الأبناء للحفظ من الشيطان، ففي البخاري عن ابن عباس ﵄ قال: "كَانَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ يُعَوِّذ الحَسَنَ وَالحُسَيْنَ وَيَقُولُ: إِنَّ أَبَاكُمَا كَانَ يُعَوِّذ بِهَا إِسْمَاعِيلَ وَإِسْحَاقَ؛ أَعُوذ بِكَلِمَاتِ اللهِ التَّامَّةِ مِنْ كُلِّ شَيْطَانٍ وَهَامَّةٍ، وَمِنْ كُلِّ عَيْنٍ لاَمَّةٍ"٣. وكان من هديه ﷺ فيما يتعلَّق بالأبناء الدعاءُ لهم بالبركة، ومن ذلك ما رواه البخاري ومسلم عن أسماء ﵂: " أَنَّهَا أَتَتْ بِابْنِهَا عَبْد اللهِ ابنِ الزُّبَيْرِ ﵄ إِلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فَوَضَعَتْهُ فِي حِجْرِهِ، ثُمَّ دَعَا بِتَمْرَةٍ فَمَضَغَهَا، ثُمَّ تَفَلَ فِي فِيهِ، فَكَانَ أَوَّلَ شَيْءٍ دَخَلَ جَوْفَهُ رِيقُ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ، ثُمَّ حَنَّكَهُ بِتَمْرَةٍ، ثُمَّ دَعَا لَهُ وَبَرَّك عَلَيْهِ، وَكَانَ أَوَّلَ مَوْلُودٍ وُلِدَ فِي الإِسْلاَمِ "٤. أي: أَوَّل مَولُودٍ وُلِد بالمدينَة مِن المُهَاجِرِينَ.

١ صحيح البخاري (رقم:٥١٦٥) ، وصحيح مسلم (رقم:١٤٣٤) . ٢ سورة: الإسراء، الآية (٦٤) . ٣ صحيح البخاري (رقم:٣٣٧١) . ٤ صحيح البخاري (رقم:٣٩٠٩) ، وصحيح مسلم (رقم:٢١٤٦) .