Fiqh al-Adiyah wa-al-Adhkar - Abd al-Razzaq ibn Abd al-Muhsin al-Badr - (3/290)

Fiqh al-Adiyah wa-al-AdhkarAbd al-Razzaq ibn Abd al-Muhsin al-Badr

As for the words of remembrance recited when a marriage contract is concluded, Abū Dāwūd, al-Tirmidhī, and others narrated that Abdullah ibn Masūd, may Allah be pleased with him, said: “The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, taught us the sermon of need: Praise be to Allah. We praise Him, seek His help and forgiveness, and seek refuge in Him from the evils of our souls and our evil deeds. Whomever Allah guides, none can lead astray; and whomever He sends astray, none can guide. I bear witness that there is no deity worthy of worship except Allah alone, without partner, and I bear witness that Muhammad is His servant and Messenger. ‘O humanity! Be mindful of your Lord, Who created you from a single soul, and from it created its mate, and through both spread countless men and women. Be mindful of Allah, in Whose name you appeal to one another, and honor family ties. Surely Allah is ever Watchful over you.’ 1. ‘O believers! Be mindful of Allah as He deserves, and do not die except as Muslims.’ 2. ‘O believers! Be mindful of Allah and say what is right. He will rectify your deeds for you and forgive your sins. Whoever obeys Allah and His Messenger has truly achieved a great triumph.’ (3)” 4.

This is a magnificent sermon and a blessed remembrance that is recommended when concluding a marriage contract. It encompasses profound meanings and momentous lessons: praising Allah, seeking His help alone, asking His forgiveness, seeking refuge in Him from the evils of the soul and evil deeds, believing in His decree and predestination, bearing witness to His oneness and to His Prophet’s messengership, exhorting people to fear Allah, Mighty and Majestic, remembering His grace and favor, and remaining steadfast in obedience to Him. It is thus among the forms of concise, comprehensive speech.

Shaykh al-Islām Ibn Taymiyyah, may Allah have mercy on him, said: “This sermon is the bond that holds the structure of Islam and faith together” 5.

(1) Surah al-Nisāʾ, verse 1. (2) Surah Āl ʿImrān, verse 102. (3) Surah al-Ahzāb, verses 70–71. (4) Sunan Abī Dāwūd (no. 2118); Sunan al-Tirmidhī (no. 1105). Al-Albānī, may Allah have mercy on him, authenticated it in his book Khutbat al-Hāja (The Sermon of Need). (5) Majmūʿ al-Fatāwā, 14/223.

فأمَّا الذِّكرُ عند عقد النكاح، فقد روى أبو داود والترمذي وغيرُهما عن عبد الله بن مسعود ﵁ قال: " عَلَّمَنَا رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ خُطْبَةَ الحَاجَةِ؛ الحَمْدُ للهِ نَحْمَدُهُ، وَنَسْتَعِينُهُ، وَنَسْتَغْفِرُهُ، وَنَعُوذ بِهِ مِنْ شُرُورِ أَنْفُسِنَا، وَسَيِّئَاتِ أَعْمَالِنَا، مَنْ يَهْدِ اللهُ فَلاَ مُضِلَّ لَهُ، وَمَنْ يُضْلِلْ فَلاَ هَادِيَ لَهُ، وَأَشْهَدُ أَنْ لاَ إِلَهَ إِلاَّ اللهُ، وَحْدَهُ لاَ شَرِيكَ لَهُ، وَأَشْهَدُ أَنَّ مُحَمَّداً عَبْدُهُ وَرَسُولُهُ، ﴿يََا أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ اتَّقُوا رَبَّكُمُ الَّذِي خَلَقَكُمْ مِنْ نَفْسٍ وَاحِدَةٍ وَخَلَقَ مِنْهَا زَوْجَهَا وَبَثَّ مِنْهُمَا رِجَالاً كَثِيراً وَنِسَاءً وَاتَّقُوا اللَّهَ الَّذِي تَسَاءَلُونَ بِهِ وَالأَرْحَامَ إِنَّ اللَّهَ كَانَ عَلَيْكُمْ رَقِيباً﴾ ١. ﴿يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا اتَّقُوا اللَّهَ حَقَّ تُقَاتِهِ وَلا تَمُوتُنَّ إِلاَّ وَأَنْتُمْ مُسْلِمُونَ﴾ ٢. ﴿َا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا اتَّقُوا اللَّهَ وَقُولُوا قَوْلاً سَدِيداً يُصْلِحْ لَكُمْ أَعْمَالَكُمْ وَيَغْفِرْ لَكُمْ ذُنُوبَكُمْ وَمَنْ يُطِعِ اللَّهَ وَرَسُولَهُ فَقَدْ فَازَ فَوْزاً عَظِيماً﴾ (٣") ٤. وهي خطبةٌ عظيمةٌ وذكرٌ مبارَكٌ يُستحبُّ الإتيانُ به عند عقد النكاح، وهو مشتملٌ على معان عظيمةٍ ودلالاتٍ جليلة، ففيه حمدُ الله والاستعانةُ به وحده، وطلبُ مغفرته، والتعوُّذ به من شرور النفس وسيِّئات الأعمال، والإيمانُ بقضائه وقدَره، والشهادةُ له سبحانه بالوحدانية ولنبيِّه بالرسالة، مع الوصيَّة بتقوى الله ﷿ وتذكُّر فضله ونعمته ولزوم طاعته سبحانه، فهي من جوامع الكلم. قال شيخ الإٌسلام ابن تيمية ﵀: "فهذه الخطبةُ عقدُ نظام الإسلام والإيمان"٥.

١ سورة: النساء، الآية (١) . ٢ سورة: آل عمران، الآية (١٠٢) . ٣ سورة: الأحزاب، الآيتان (٧٠ ـ ٧١) . ٤ سنن أبي داود (رقم:٢١١٨) ، وسنن الترمذي (رقم:١١٠٥) ، وصحَّحه الألباني ﵀ في كتابه: خطبة الحاجة. ٥ مجموع الفتاوى (١٤/٢٢٣) .