Fiqh al-Adiyah wa-al-Adhkar - Abd al-Razzaq ibn Abd al-Muhsin al-Badr - (3/279)

Fiqh al-Adiyah wa-al-AdhkarAbd al-Razzaq ibn Abd al-Muhsin al-Badr

Among the virtues of the greeting of peace is that it is one of the best aspects of Islam. In the two Sahih collections, Abdullah ibn Amr (may Allah be pleased with him and his father) reported: “A man asked the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), ‘Which aspect of Islam is best?’ He replied, ‘That you provide food and extend greetings of peace to those you know and those you do not know.’”1

It is also a right that one Muslim owes another, for the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: “The rights of a Muslim over another Muslim are six,” among which he mentioned: “When you meet him, greet him with peace.”2

It is a great means of fostering fellowship among Muslims and love among the believers, as the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: “You will not enter Paradise until you believe, and you will not believe until you love one another. Shall I not direct you to something which, if you do it, will cause you to love one another? Spread greetings of peace among yourselves.” Related by Muslim.3

The love that arises here is due to each of the two people who meet praying for the other to be kept safe from all evils and to receive the mercy that brings every good. Hence, it is authentically reported in the Musnad and elsewhere that the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: “Spread greetings of peace and you will be safe.”4 That is, you will be safe from everything that leads to division and estrangement—especially when this is accompanied by a cheerful countenance, a gracious welcome, and excellent character.

The person greeted must return the greeting with one better than it or one equal to it, as Allah Most High says: “When you are greeted with a greeting, respond with one better than it, or return it in kind.”5

The better of two men is the one who first greets his companion with peace. In the Sunan of Abū Dāwūd, it is narrated from Abū

(1) Sahīh al-Bukhārī, no. 28; Sahīh Muslim, no. 39. (2) Its source was cited previously. (3) Sahīh Muslim, no. 54. (4) Al-Musnad, 4/286; graded sound (*hasan*) by al-Albānī in Sahīh al-Jāmiʿ, no. 1087. (5) Sūrat al-Nisāʾ, verse 86.

رومن فضائل السلام أنَّه من خير الإسلام، ففي الصحيحين عن عبد الله ابن عمر ﵄: "أَنَّ رَجُلاً سَأَلَ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ: أَيُّ الإِسْلاَمِ خَيْرٌ قَالَ: تُطْعِمُ الطَّعَامَ، وَتَقْرَأُ السَّلاَمَ عَلَى مَنْ عَرَفْتَ وَمَنْ لَمْ تَعْرِفْ "١. وهو حقٌّ للمسلم على أخيه المسلم؛ لقوله ﷺ: "حقُّ المسلم على المسلم ست"، وذكر منها: "وإذا لقيتَه فسلِّم عليه"٢. وهو سببٌ عظيمٌ للأُلفة بين المسلمين والمحبَّة بين المؤمنين، كما قال ﷺ: " لاَ تَدْخُلُوا الجَنَّةَ حَتَّى تُؤْمِنُوا، وَلاَ تُؤْمِنُوا حَتَّى تَحَابُّوا، أَوَلاَ أَدُلُّكُمْ عَلَى شَيْءٍ إِذا فَعَلْتُمُوهُ تَحَابَبْتُمْ؛ أَفْشُوا السَّلاَمَ بَيْنَكُمْ" رواه مسلم٣. والمَحبَّة الحاصلةُ هنا سببُها أنَّ كلَّ واحد من المتلاقيَين يدعو للآخَر بالسلامة من الشرور، وبالرحمة الجالبة لكلِّ خير، ولهذا ثبت في المسند وغيره عن النَّبِيِّ ﷺ أنَّه قال: " أفشوا السلام تسلموا "٤ أي: تسلموا من كلِّ موجِب للفُرقة والقطيعة، وكيف إذا انضمَّ إلى هذا بشاشةُ الوجه وحُسنُ الترحيب وجمالُ الأخلاق. وعلى المُسلَّمِ عليه ردُّ التحيَّة بأحسن منها أو مثلها؛ لقوله تعالى: ﴿وَإِذَا حُيِّيتُمْ بِتَحِيَّةٍ فَحَيُّوا بِأَحْسَنَ مِنْهَا أَوْ رُدُّوهَا﴾ ٥. وخيرُ الرَّجلَين مَن يبدأُ صاحبَه بالسَّلام، ففي سنن أبي داود عن أبي

١ صحيح البخاري (رقم:٢٨) ، وصحيح مسلم (رقم:٣٩) . ٢ سبق تخريجه. ٣ صحيح مسلم (رقم:٥٤) . ٤ المسند (٤/٢٨٦) ، وحسنه الألباني في صحيح الجامع (رقم:١٠٨٧) . ٥ سورة: النساء، الآية (٨٦) .