Fiqh al-Adiyah wa-al-Adhkar - Abd al-Razzaq ibn Abd al-Muhsin al-Badr - (3/276)

Fiqh al-Adiyah wa-al-AdhkarAbd al-Razzaq ibn Abd al-Muhsin al-Badr

Among these is the report narrated by al-Bukhārī from Abū Umāma (may Allah be pleased with him): “Whenever the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) cleared away his dining cloth, he would say: ‘Praise be to Allah—abundant, wholesome, blessed praise, never deemed sufficient, never abandoned, and never dispensable—our Lord.’”1.

The words “never deemed sufficient, never abandoned, and never dispensable” refer to the praise. It is as though he said: “Abundant praise that is never deemed sufficient or abandoned, and which can never be dispensed with.”

Another formula narrated in this regard was reported by Ahmad and others from Abd al-Rahmān ibn Jubayr, who related that a man who had served the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) for eight years told him that he heard the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) say, whenever food was brought before him, “In the name of Allah.” When he finished, he would say: “O Allah, You have fed us and given us drink, enriched and contented us, guided us and given us life. To You belongs all praise for what You have given.”2.

When a Muslim eats the meal with which he breaks his fast, it is recommended that he say: “The thirst has gone, the veins are moistened, and the reward is assured, if Allah wills.” This is based on the report narrated by Abū Dāwūd from Ibn Umar (may Allah be pleased with them both), who said: “When the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) broke his fast, he would say: ‘The thirst has gone, the veins are moistened, and the reward is assured, if Allah wills.’”3.

The Sunnah also contains various supplications to be offered for those who provide the food. It is therefore recommended that a Muslim memorize whichever of them he can and recite them for anyone who hosts him or offers him food.

One of these supplications is that narrated by Muslim in his Sahīh from al-Miqdād (may Allah be pleased with him), who said:

(1) Sahīh al-Bukhārī, no. 5458. (2) Al-Musnad, 4/62; graded authentic by al-Albānī, may Allah have mercy on him, in Sahīh al-Jāmiʿ, no. 4768. (3) Sunan Abī Dāwūd, no. 2357; graded sound by al-Albānī, may Allah have mercy on him, in Sahīh al-Jāmiʿ, no. 4678.

ومنها ما رواه البخاري عن أبي أمامة ﵁: "أَنَّ النَبِيَّ ﷺ كَانَ إِذا رَفَعَ مَائِدَتَهُ قَالَ: الحَمْدُ للهِ كَثِيراً طَيِّباً مُبَارَكاً فِيهِ، غَيْرَ مَكْفِيٍّ وَلاَ مُوَدَّعٍ وَلاَ مُسْتَغْنًى عَنْهُ رَبَّنَا"١. ومعنى قوله: "غَيْرَ مَكْفِيٍّ وَلاَ مُوَدَّعٍ وَلاَ مُسْتَغْنًى عَنْهُ" أي: الحمد، فكأنَّه قال: حمداً كثيراً غير مَكفيٍّ ولا مُودَّع، ولا مُستغنًى عن هذا الحمد. ومن الصِّيَغ الواردة في هذا ما رواه أحمد وغيرُه عن عبد الرحمن بن جُبير أنَّه حدَّثه رجلٌ خدم رسول الله ﷺ ثمان سنين، أنَّه كان سمع رسول الله ﷺ إذا قُرِّب إليه الطعامُ يقول: "بسم الله"، وإذا فرغ قال: "اللَّهمَّ أطعمتَ وأسقيتَ، وأغنيتَ وأقنيتَ، وهَديتَ وأحييتَ، فلكَ الحمد على ما أعطيتَ"٢. ويُستحبُّ للمسلم إذا تناول طعامَ الإفطار من صيامه أن يقول: "ذهب الظمأُ وابتلَّت العروق وثبت الأجر إن شاء الله"؛ لِما رواه أبو داود عن ابن عمر ﵄ قال: "كَانَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ إِذا أَفْطَرَ قَالَ: ذَهَبَ الظَّمَأُ، وَابْتَلَّتِ العُرُوقُ، وَثَبَتَ الأَجْرُ إِنْ شَاءَ اللهُ"٣. وقد جاءت السُّنَّة بأنواع من الأدعية يُدعى بها لأهل الطعام، فيُستحبُّ للمسلم أن يحفظَ ما تيسَّر له من ذلك، وأن يقوله لِمَن ضيَّفه أو قدَّم له طعاماً. ومن هذه الأدعية ما رواه مسلم في صحيحه عن المقداد ﵁ قال:

١ صحيح البخاري (رقم:٥٤٥٨) . ٢ المسند (٤/٦٢) ، وصححه الألباني ﵀ في صحيح الجامع (رقم:٤٧٦٨) . ٣ سنن أبي داود (رقم:٢٣٥٧) ، وحسَّنه الألباني ﵀ في صحيح الجامع (رقم:٤٦٧٨) .