Fiqh al-Adiyah wa-al-Adhkar - Abd al-Razzaq ibn Abd al-Muhsin al-Badr - (3/275)

Fiqh al-Adiyah wa-al-AdhkarAbd al-Razzaq ibn Abd al-Muhsin al-Badr

Makhshī (may Allah be pleased with him), who said: “The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) was seated while a man was eating. The man did not mention Allah’s name until only one morsel of his food remained. When he raised it to his mouth, he said, ‘In the name of Allah at its beginning and at its end.’ The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) laughed and then said, ‘Satan continued eating with him, but when he mentioned Allah’s name, Satan vomited what was in his stomach.’”1. However, this hadith is weak; the hadith master Ibn Hajar and others graded it weak. As for mentioning Allah’s name while eating, when one has forgotten to do so at the beginning, by saying, “In the name of Allah at its beginning and at its end,” this is established by the preceding hadith.

A Muslim should then praise Allah, Glorified and Exalted, after finishing his food and drink, for Allah, Glorified and Exalted, is pleased with His servant when he does so. Muslim narrated in his Sahīh from Anas ibn Mālik (may Allah be pleased with him) that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: “Indeed, Allah is pleased with a servant who eats a meal and praises Him for it, or drinks a beverage and praises Him for it.”2.

The Sunnah contains several wordings for praising Allah after eating. If a Muslim is able to memorize them and recite one on one occasion and another on another, that is undoubtedly more complete for him and enables him to follow his Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) more fully. If he is unable to do so, he should never omit saying after his meal, “Praise be to Allah.” These are tremendous, blessed words beloved to Allah, Glorified and Exalted.

One of the established wordings for praising Allah after eating is that narrated by Abū Dāwūd and al-Tirmidhī from Muʿādh ibn Anas (may Allah be pleased with him): the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: “Whoever eats a meal and then says, ‘Praise be to Allah, who has fed me this food and provided it for me without any power or strength on my part,’ will have his past sins forgiven.”3.

(1) Sunan Abī Dāwūd, no. 3768; see Irwāʾ al-Ghalīl, 7/26. (2) Sahīh Muslim, no. 2734. (3) Sunan Abī Dāwūd, no. 4023; Sunan al-Tirmidhī, no. 3458; graded sound by al-Albānī, may Allah have mercy on him, in Sahīh al-Jāmiʿ, no. 6086.

مخْشيٍّ ﵁ قال: "كان رسول الله ﷺ جالساً ورجلٌ يأكل، فلَم يُسمِّ حتى لَم يبقَ من طعامه إلاَّ لُقمةً، فلمَّا رفعها إلى فيه قال: بسم الله أوَّلَه وآخرَه، فضحك النَبِيّ، ثمَّ قال: ما زال الشيطانُ يأكلُ معه، فلمَّا ذكر اسمَ الله استقاءَ ما في بطنه"١، لكنَّ الحديثَ ضعيفٌ، ضعَّفه الحافظ ابن حجر وغيرُه، وأمَّا التسمية في أثناء الطعام في حقِّ مَن نسيَ بقول "بسم الله أوَّلَه وآخرَه" فهي ثابتةٌ كما في الحديث الذي قبله. ثمَّ على المسلم أن يَحمدَ الله ﷿ إذا فرغ من طعامه وشربه، فإنَّ الله ﷿ يرضى عن عبده إذا فعل ذلك، روى مسلمٌ في صحيحه عن أنس بن مالك ﵁ قال: قال رسول الله ﷺ: "إِنَّ اللهَ لَيَرْضَى عَنِ العَبْدِ أَنْ يَأْكُلَ الأَكْلَةَ فَيَحْمَدَهُ عَلَيْهَا، أَوْ يَشْرَبَ الشَّرْبَةَ فَيَحْمَدَهُ عَلَيْهَا"٢. وقد جاء في السُّنَّة صيَغٌ عديدة للحمد بعد الطعام، فإن تمكَّن المسلمُ من حفظها والإتيان بها هذا مرَّة وهذا مرَّة، فهو لا شكَّ أكملُ في حقِّه وأبلغُ في متابعته لنبيِّه ﷺ، وإن لَم يتمكَّن من ذلك فلا يَدَع أن يقول عقِب طعامه: "الحمد لله"، فهي كلمةٌ عظيمةٌ مبارَكةٌ حبيبةٌ إلى الله ﷿. ومن الصِيَغ الثابتة في الحمد بعد الطعام ما رواه أبو داود والترمذي عن معاذ بن أنس ﵁: أنَّ رسول الله ﷺ قال: "مَنْ أَكَلَ طَعَاماً ثُمَّ قَالَ: الحَمْدُ للهِ الَّذِي أَطْعَمَنِي هَذَا الطَّعَامَ وَرَزَقَنِيهِ مِنْ غَيْرِ حَوْلٍ مِنِّي وَلاَ قُوَّةٍ، غُفِرَ لَهُ مَا تَقَدَّمَ مِنْ ذَنْبِهِ"٣.

١ سنن أبي داود (رقم:٣٧٦٨) ، وانظر: إرواء الغليل (٧/٢٦) . ٢ صحيح مسلم (رقم:٢٧٣٤) . ٣ سنن أبي داود (رقم:٤٠٢٣) ، وسنن الترمذي (رقم:٣٤٥٨) ، وحسَّنه الألباني ﵀ في صحيح الجامع (رقم:٦٠٨٦) .