Fiqh al-Adiyah wa-al-Adhkar - Abd al-Razzaq ibn Abd al-Muhsin al-Badr - (3/273)

Fiqh al-Adiyah wa-al-AdhkarAbd al-Razzaq ibn Abd al-Muhsin al-Badr

169 / REMEMBRANCES WHEN EATING AND DRINKING

It is part of the sunnah for a Muslim to say, “In the name of Allah,” when beginning to eat or drink, so that he may be safeguarded and protected and his food and drink may be blessed.

Al-Bukhārī and Muslim narrated in their respective Sahīh collections from Umar ibn Abī Salamah (may Allah be pleased with him), who said: “I was a boy under the care of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), and my hand used to wander around the dish. The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said to me, ‘Young man, mention Allah’s name, eat with your right hand, and eat from what is directly in front of you.’ I have continued to eat in this manner ever since.”1.

Mentioning Allah’s name over food has many benefits. One of them is that the food is blessed. In the Sunan of Abū Dāwūd and Ibn Mājah, among other works, Wahshī ibn Harb ibn Wahshī narrated from his father, from his grandfather (may Allah be pleased with him): “The Companions of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said, ‘O Messenger of Allah, we eat but are not satisfied.’ He asked, ‘Perhaps you eat separately?’ They replied, ‘Yes.’ He said, ‘Then gather together for your meal and mention Allah’s name over it, and it will be blessed for you.’”2.

Another benefit of mentioning Allah’s name over food is that it drives Satan away and keeps him at a distance, preventing him from sharing a person’s food. Hudhayfah (may Allah be pleased with him) related in Sahīh Muslim: “Whenever we attended a meal with the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), we would not put our hands to the food until the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) began by putting his hand to it. Once, when we were attending a meal with him, a young girl came as though she were being driven forward. She went to put her hand into the food, but the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) took hold of her hand. Then a Bedouin came as though he too were being driven forward, and he took hold of his hand. The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) then said, ‘Indeed, Satan deems food lawful for himself whenever there is no

(1) Sahīh al-Bukhārī, no. 5376; and Sahīh Muslim, no. 2022. (2) Sunan Abī Dāwūd, no. 3764; and Sunan Ibn Mājah, no. 3286.

١٦٩ / أَذْكَارُ الطَّعَامِ وَالشَّرَابِ إنَّ من السُّنَّة للمسلم أن يقول عند بدء طعامه وشرابه "بسم الله" ليُحفَظَ ويُوقى، وليُبارَك له في طعامه وشرابه. روى البخاري ومسلم في صحيحيهما عن عمر بن أبي سلمة رضي الله ﵄ قال: "كُنْتُ غُلاَماً فِي حِجْرِ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ، وَكَانَتْ يَدِي تَطِيشُ فِي الصَّحْفَةِ، فَقَالَ لِي رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ: يَا غُلاَمُ، سَمِّ اللهَ، وَكُلْ بِيَمِينِكَ، وَكُلْ مِمَّا يَلِيكَ، فَمَا زَالَتْ تِلْكَ طِعْمَتِي بَعْدُ"١. وفي التسمية على الطعام فوائدُ كثيرةٌ، منها أنَّه يُبارَك له في طعامه، ففي سنن أبي داود وابن ماجه وغيرهما عن وَحشي بن حرب بن وحشي، عن أبيه، عن جدِّه ﵁: " أَنَّ أَصْحَابَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالُوا: يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ إِنَّا نَأْكُلُ وَلاَ نَشْبَعُ قَالَ: فَلَعَلَّكُمْ تَفْتَرِقُونَ قَالُوا: نَعَمْ. قَالَ: فَاجْتَمِعُوا عَلَى طَعَامِكُمْ، وَاذْكُرُوا اسْمَ اللهِ عَلَيْهِ يُبَارَكْ لَكُمْ فِيهِ"٢. ومن فوائد التسمية على الطعام طردُ الشيطان وإبعادُه، فلا يتمكَّن من مشاركة الإنسان في طعامه، ففي صحيح مسلم عن حذيفة ﵁ قال: "كُنَّا إِذا حَضَرْنَا مَعَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ طَعَاماً لَمْ نَضَعْ أَيْدِينَا حَتَّى يَبْدَأَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ فَيَضَعَ يَدَهُ، وَإِنَّا حَضَرْنَا مَعَهُ مَرَّةً طَعَاماً فَجَاءَتْ جَارِيَةٌ كَأَنَّهَا تُدْفَعُ، فَذَهَبَتْ لِتَضَعَ يَدَهَا فِي الطَّعَامِ، فَأَخَذَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ بِيَدِهَا، ثُمَّ جَاءَ أَعْرَابِيٌّ كَأَنَّمَا يُدْفَعُ، فَأَخَذَ بِيَدِهِ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ: إِنَّ الشَّيْطَانَ يَسْتَحِلُّ الطَّعَامَ أَنْ لاَ

١ صحيح البخاري (رقم:٥٣٧٦) ، وصحيح مسلم (رقم:٢٠٢٢) . ٢ سنن أبي داود (رقم:٣٧٦٤) ، وسنن ابن ماجه (رقم:٣٢٨٦) .