Fiqh al-Adiyah wa-al-Adhkar - Abd al-Razzaq ibn Abd al-Muhsin al-Badr - (3/255)

Fiqh al-Adiyah wa-al-AdhkarAbd al-Razzaq ibn Abd al-Muhsin al-Badr

is prescribed on momentous occasions—because of the large gathering, the greatness of the deed, the intensity of the circumstances, or other such momentous matters—in order to make clear that Allah is greater, and so that His greatness may prevail in people’s hearts over the greatness of those momentous matters. Thus, religion will be devoted entirely to Allah and His servants will magnify Him. They will thereby attain two aims: the aim of worship, by magnifying Allah in their hearts; and the aim of seeking His aid, as all other objects sought yield to His greatness.”1

As for the Prophet—may Allah bless him and grant him peace—proclaiming Allah’s greatness upon sighting the crescent moon, al-Dārimī narrated from Abdullah ibn Umar—may Allah be pleased with them both—that he said: “Whenever the Messenger of Allah—may Allah bless him and grant him peace—saw the crescent moon, he would say: ‘Allah is the Greatest. O Allah, cause it to rise upon us with security and faith, safety and Islam, and success in doing what You love and are pleased with. My Lord and your Lord is Allah.’”2

Let us now begin discussing the meaning of the hadith. His words, “Whenever he saw the crescent moon,” refer to the moon at the beginning of the month, during its first two or three nights; after that, it is simply called the moon.

His words, “Cause it to rise upon us,” mean: cause it to appear over us and show it to us.

His words, “with security and faith”: security means tranquility, comfort, calm, and freedom from afflictions and evils. In the hadith of Talha, the wording is “with good fortune”; good fortune means happiness. Faith means affirmation, belief, and submission to Allah.

His words, “and safety and Islam”: safety means protection and deliverance from afflictions and calamities, while Islam means surrendering to Allah and submitting to His law.

His words, “My Lord and your Lord is Allah,” affirm that human beings, the moon, and all created beings

(1) Majmū al-Fatāwā (24/226). (2) Sunan al-Dārimī (no. 1687). Al-Haythamī states in Majma al-Zawā’id (10/139): “Its chain includes Uthmān ibn Ibrāhīm al-Hātibī, who has some weakness; the remainder of its narrators are trustworthy.”

مشروع في المواضع الكبار لكثرة الجمع، أو لعظمة الفعل، أو لقوة الحال أو نحو ذلك من الأمور الكبيرة؛ ليُبيِّن أنَّ الله أكبرُ، وتستولي كبرياؤه في القلوب على كبرياء تلك الأمور الكبار، فيكون الدِّين كلُّه لله، ويكون العبادُ له مكبرون، فيحصل لهم مقصودان: مقصود العبادة بتكبير قلوبهم لله، ومقصود الاستعانة بانقياد سائر المطالب لكبريائه"١. أمَّا تكبير النَبِيِّ ﷺ عند رؤية الهلال فقد رواه الدارمي من حديث عبد الله ابن عمر ﵄ قال: " كان رسول الله ﷺ إذا رأى الهلالَ قال: اللهُ أكبَرُ، اللَّهُمَّ أَهِلَّهُ عَلَيْنَا بِالأَمْنِ وَالإِيمَانِ، وَالسَّلاَمَةِ وَالإِسْلاَمِ، والتَّوْفِيقِ لِمَا تُحبُّ وتَرْضَى، رَبِيَ وَرَبُّكَ اللهُ"٢. ولنبدأ هنا في الكلام على معنى الحديث، قوله: "إذا رأى الهلال" الهلال هو غرَّة القمر لليلتين أو لثلاث، وفي غير ذلك يُقال له قمر. وقوله: "أهلَّه علينا" أي أطلعه علينا، وأرنا إيَّاه. وقوله: "بالأمن والإيمان" الأمنُ هو الطمأنينة والراحة والسكون والسلامة من الآفات والشرور، وفي حديث طلحة "باليُمن" واليُمن هو السعادة، والإيمان هو الإقرار والتصديق والخضوع لله. وقوله: "والسلامة والإسلام" السلامة هي الوقاية والنجاة من الآفات والمصائب، والإسلام هو الاستسلام لله والانقياد لشرعه. وقوله: "ربِّي وربُّك الله" فيه إثبات أنَّ الناس والقمر وجميع المخلوقات

١ مجموع الفتاوى (٢٤/٢٢٦) . ٢ سنن الدارمي (رقم:١٦٨٧) ، وقال الهيثمي في مجمع الزوائد (١٠/١٣٩) : "فيه عثمان بن إبراهيم الحاطبي، وفيه ضعف، وبقية رجاله ثقات".