Fiqh al-Adiyah wa-al-Adhkar - Abd al-Razzaq ibn Abd al-Muhsin al-Badr - (3/250)

Fiqh al-Adiyah wa-al-AdhkarAbd al-Razzaq ibn Abd al-Muhsin al-Badr

For this reason, when an eclipse occurs, it is prescribed to hasten to prayer, supplication, remembrance of Allah, seeking forgiveness, and giving charity.

Al-Bukhārī and Muslim narrated from Aisha—may Allah be pleased with her—that the Messenger of Allah—may Allah bless him and grant him peace—said: “The sun and the moon are two of Allah’s signs. They are not eclipsed because of anyone’s death or life. When you see that, supplicate Allah, proclaim His greatness, pray, and give charity.”1

In the two Sahih collections, Abū Mūsā al-Asharī—may Allah be pleased with him—said: “The sun was eclipsed, so the Prophet—may Allah bless him and grant him peace—rose in alarm, fearing that it might be the Hour. He went to the mosque and prayed with the longest standing, bowing, and prostration I had ever seen him perform. He then said: ‘These signs that Allah sends do not occur because of anyone’s death or life. Rather, Allah uses them to instill fear in His servants. When you see any such thing, hasten to remember Him, supplicate Him, and seek His forgiveness.’”2

The sun was eclipsed once during the lifetime of the Prophet—may Allah bless him and grant him peace. This occurred in the tenth year after the Hijra, when his son Ibrāhīm—may Allah be pleased with him—died. In the pre-Islamic age of ignorance, people believed that an eclipse of the sun or moon occurred because of the death or life of some great person. The Prophet—may Allah bless him and grant him peace—therefore explained the falsity and error of this belief, saying, as in the aforementioned hadith of Aisha: “The sun and the moon are two of Allah’s signs. They are not eclipsed because of anyone’s death or life.”

When the sun was eclipsed, he—may Allah bless him and grant him peace—hastened to the mosque and ordered an announcer to proclaim, “The prayer is to be held in congregation!” The people, both men and women, gathered in the mosque. The Prophet—may Allah bless him and grant him peace—stood before them, and they formed rows behind him. He proclaimed Allah’s greatness and recited al-Fātiha and a surah

(1) Sahīh al-Bukhārī (no. 1044) and Sahīh Muslim (no. 901). (2) Sahīh al-Bukhārī (no. 1059) and Sahīh Muslim (no. 912).

ولذا شُرع عند حصول الكسوف الفزعُ إلى الصلاة والدعاء والذِّكر والاستغفار والصدقة. روى البخاري ومسلم عن عائشة ﵂ أنَّ رسول الله ﷺ قال: " إِنَّ الشَّمْسَ وَالقَمَرَ آيَتَانِ مِنْ آيَاتِ اللهِ، لاَ يَنْخَسِفَانِ لِمَوْتِ أَحَدٍ وَلاَ لِحَيَاتِهِ، فَإِذَا رَأَيْتُمْ ذَلِكَ فَادْعُوا اللهَ، وَكَبِّرُوا، وَصَلُّوا، وَتَصَدَّقُوا "١. وفي الصحيحين عن أبي موسى الأشعري ﵁ قال: "خَسَفَتِ الشَّمْسُ فَقَامَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ فَزِعاً يَخْشَى أَنْ تَكُونَ السَّاعَةُ، فَأَتَى المَسْجِدَ فَصَلَّى بِأَطْوَلِ قِيَامٍ وَرُكُوعٍ وَسُجُودٍ مَا رَأَيْتُهُ قَطُّ يَفْعَلُهُ، وَقَالَ: هَذِهِ الآيَاتُ الَّتِي يُرْسِلُ اللهُ لاَ تَكُونُ لِمَوْتِ أَحَدٍ وَلاَ لِحَيَاتِهِ، وَلَكِنْ يُخَوِّفُ اللهُ بِهَا عِبَادَهُ، فَإِذَا رَأَيْتُمْ شَيْئاً مِنْ ذَلِكَ فَافْزَعُوا إِلَى ذِكْرِهِ وَدُعَائِهِ وَاسْتِغْفَارِهِ"٢. لقد خسفت الشمس في عهد النَبِيِّ ﷺ مرَّة واحدة، وذلك في السنة العاشرة من الهجرة، حيث مات ابنُه إبراهيم ﵁، وقد كان الناسُ في الجاهلية يظنُّون أنَّ كسوفَ الشمس أو القمر إنَّما يكون لموتِ عظيم أو حياته، فبيَّن ﷺ فسادَ هذا الظنِّ وخطأه، وقال كما في حديث عائشة المتقدِّم: "إِنَّ الشَّمْسَ وَالقَمَرَ آيَتَانِ مِنْ آيَاتِ اللهِ، لاَ يَنْخَسِفَانِ لِمَوْتِ أَحَدٍ وَلاَ لِحَيَاتِهِ". وقد فزع ﷺ عند كسوفها إلى المسجد، وأمر منادياً ينادي الصلاة جامعة، فاجتمع الناس في المسجد رجالاً ونساءاً، فقام فيهم النَبِيُّ ﷺ وصفُّوا خلفه، فكبَّر وقرأ الفاتحة وسورة

١ صحيح البخاري (رقم:١٠٤٤) ، وصحيح مسلم (رقم:٩٠١) . ٢ صحيح البخاري (رقم:١٠٥٩) ، وصحيح مسلم (رقم:٩١٢) .