Fiqh al-Adiyah wa-al-Adhkar - Abd al-Razzaq ibn Abd al-Muhsin al-Badr - (3/234)

Fiqh al-Adiyah wa-al-AdhkarAbd al-Razzaq ibn Abd al-Muhsin al-Badr

161 / What Is Said When Burying the Deceased and Thereafter, When Offering Condolences, and When Visiting Graves

We have already discussed the invocations recited during the funeral prayer. Here we shall explain what is said when burying the deceased, what is said after the burial, what is said to the deceased’s family when offering condolences, and what is said when visiting graves.

It is sunnah for the person placing the deceased in the grave niche to say, “In the name of Allah and in accordance with the Sunnah of the Messenger of Allah,” or, “And in accordance with the religion of the Messenger of Allah—peace and blessings be upon him.” This is based on the report narrated by Abū Dāwūd, al-Tirmidhī, Ibn Mājah, and others from Abdullah ibn Umar—may Allah be pleased with them both—that when the Prophet—peace and blessings be upon him—placed the deceased in the grave, he would say, “In the name of Allah and in accordance with the Sunnah of the Messenger of Allah.” Another narration reads, “And in accordance with the religion of the Messenger of Allah—peace and blessings be upon him.” In yet another narration, he said, “When you place your deceased in their graves, say…” and he mentioned the foregoing formula.1

After the burial is completed, it is also sunnah to supplicate for the deceased’s forgiveness and steadfastness when he is questioned. Abū Dāwūd and others narrated from Uthmān ibn Affān—may Allah be pleased with him—who said: “When the Prophet—peace and blessings be upon him—finished burying the deceased, he would stand by the grave and say, ‘Ask forgiveness for your brother and ask that he be made steadfast, for he is now being questioned.’”2

It is not prescribed to recite any portion of the Quran at this place, nor to prompt the deceased with the answers he is to give, as some people do, for no hadith establishing this has been authentically reported. Rather, what is prescribed in

1. *Sunan Abī Dāwūd* (no. 3213); *Sunan al-Tirmidhī* (no. 1046); *Sunan Ibn Mājah* (no. 1550). Al-Albānī authenticated it in *Irwāʾ al-Ghalīl* (3/197), may Allah have mercy on him. 2. *Sunan Abī Dāwūd* (no. 3221). Al-Albānī authenticated it in *Sahīh al-Jāmiʿ* (no. 4760), may Allah have mercy on him.

١٦١ / ما يُقال عند دفن الميت وبعده، وعند التعزية، وزيارة المقابر لقد مرَّ معنا الكلامُ على الأذكار التي تُقال في الصلاة على الجنازة، وسنتناول هنا بيانَ ما يُقال عند دفن الميت، وما يُقال بعد دفنه، وما يُقال لذويه عند تعزيتهم، وما يُقال عند زيارة المقابر. من السُّنَّة أن يقول الذي يضع الميتَ في لحدِه "بسم الله وعلى سنَّة رسول الله"، أو "وعلى ملِّة رسول الله ﷺ"؛ لِمَا رواه أبو داود والترمذي وابنُ ماجه وغيرهم عن عبد الله بن عمر ﵄: أنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ كان إذَا وَضَعَ الميِّتَ في القبر قال: "بسْمِ الله وعلى سُنَّة رسول الله"، وفي رواية "وعلى ملَّة رَسولِ الله ﷺ"، وجاء في رواية أنَّه قال: "إَذَا وَضَعْتُمْ مَوتَاكُم في القبور فَقُولُوا ... "، وذكره١. ثمَّ من السنَّة بعد الفراغ من دفنه الدعاءُ له بالمغفرة والتثبيت عند السؤال؛ لِما رواه أبو داود وغيرُه عن عثمان بن عفان ﵁ قال: "كَانَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ إِذا فَرَغَ مِنْ دَفْنِ المَيِّتِ وَقَفَ عَلَيْهِ فَقَالَ: اسْتَغْفِرُوا لأَخِيكُمْ وَسَلُوا لَهُ التَّثْبِيتَ، فَإِنَّهُ الآنَ يُسْأَلُ "٢. ولا يُشرع قراءةُ شيءٍ من القرآن في هذا الموضع، ولا أن يُلقَّن الميتُ حجَّته كما يفعله بعضُ الناس؛ إذ لم يثبت بذلك حديث، وإنَّما المشروع في

١ سنن أبي داود (رقم:٣٢١٣) ، وسنن الترمذي (رقم:١٠٤٦) ، وسنن ابن ماجه (رقم:١٥٥٠) ، وصحَّحه الألباني ﵀ في الإرواء (٣/١٩٧) . ٢ سنن أبي داود (رقم:٣٢٢١) ، وصحَّحه الألباني ﵀ في صحيح الجامع (رقم:٤٧٦٠) .