Fiqh al-Adiyah wa-al-Adhkar - Abd al-Razzaq ibn Abd al-Muhsin al-Badr - (3/231)

Fiqh al-Adiyah wa-al-AdhkarAbd al-Razzaq ibn Abd al-Muhsin al-Badr

His words, “O Allah, forgive him and have mercy on him”: forgiveness means concealing sins while pardoning them, whereas mercy is more far-reaching, for it entails attaining what is desired after what is harmful has been removed.

His words, “Grant him well-being and pardon him” mean: spare him from punishment and keep him safe from it, and pardon his lapses and shortcomings.

His words, “Honor his reception”: a reception is what is presented to a guest. That is, make his reception and hospitality with You honorable.

His words, “Make his entrance spacious” mean: make his grave spacious and expansive for him, and likewise enlarge his abodes with You in Paradise. This is because “entrance” is a singular noun in a possessive construction and therefore carries a general sense.

His words, “Wash him with water, snow, and hail”: these three things counteract the heat of sins, cooling them and extinguishing their flames.

His words, “Cleanse him of sins as a white garment is cleansed of stains”: cleansing here means purification. That is, purify him of his sins and misdeeds just as a white garment is purified and cleaned of stains that have clung to it. White is specified because the removal of dirt is more evident on it than on garments of other colors.

His words, “Grant him an abode better than his abode” mean: admit him into Paradise, the abode in which You bestow honor, in place of the abode of this world from which he has departed.

His words, “A family better than his family and a spouse better than his spouse” mean: grant him better than them in their place. This includes replacement in both persons and qualities. Replacement in persons means that Allah compensates him with those better than them in the abode in which He bestows honor. Replacement in qualities means that an elderly wife becomes young, an ill-tempered wife becomes good-tempered, and an unattractive wife becomes beautiful.

He then asked Allah to admit him into Paradise, deliver him from the Fire, and keep him safe from the trial of the grave by protecting him from its evil and effects.

قوله: "اللهمَّ اغفر له وارحمه" المغفرة ستر الذنوب مع التجاوز عنها، والرحمة أبلغ؛ لأنَّ فيها حصول المرغوب بعد زوال المكروه. وقوله: "وعافه واعف عنه" أي: عافه من العذاب وسلِّمه منه، واعف عنه ما وقع فيه من زلل وتقصير. وقوله: "وأكرم نزله" النُزُل: ما يُقدَّم للضيف، أي: اجعل نزله وضيافته عندك كريمة. وقوله: "وأوسع مُدخلَه" أي: وسِّع له في قبره وافسح له فيه، ووسِّع له كذلك منازله عندك في الجنَّة؛ لأنَّ المدخلَ هنا مفردٌ مضاف فيَعُمُّ. وقوله: "واغسله بالماء والثلج والبرد" وهذه الأمور الثلاثة تُقابل حرارة الذنوب فتبردها وتُطفئُ لهيبَها. وقوله: "ونقِّه من الذنوب كما يُنقَّى الثوب الأبيض من الدَّنَس" من التنقية وهي بمعنِى التطهير، أي: طهِّره من ذنوبه وخطاياه كما يُطهَّر ويُنظَّف الثوب الأبيض من الدَّنَس الذي علق به، وخصَّ الأبيض بالذِّكر؛ لأنَّ إزالةَ الأوساخ فيه أظهر من غيره من الألوان. وقوله: "وأبدله داراً خيراً من داره" أي: أدخله الجنَّة دار كرامتك بدلاً عن دار الدنيا التي رحل عنها. وقوله: "وأهلاً خيراً من أهله وزوجاً خيراً من زوجه" أي: وأبدله خيراً منهم، وهذا شاملٌ للتبديل في الأعيان والأوصاف، أمَّا في الأعيان بأن يُعوِّضه الله عنهم خيراً منهم في دار كرامته، وأمَّا في الأوصاف بأن تعودَ العجوزُ شابةً وسيِّئةُ الخلق حسنةَ الخلق، وغيرُ الجميلة جميلةً. ثمَّ سأل الله له دخول الجنَّة والنجاة من النار، والسلامةَ من فتنة القبر بأن يُوقى شرُّها وأثرها.