Fiqh al-Adiyah wa-al-Adhkar - Abd al-Razzaq ibn Abd al-Muhsin al-Badr - (3/227)

Fiqh al-Adiyah wa-al-AdhkarAbd al-Razzaq ibn Abd al-Muhsin al-Badr

“How wondrous is the affair of the believer! His entire affair is good, and this is true of none but the believer. If prosperity comes to him, he gives thanks, and that is good for him; and if adversity befalls him, he remains patient, and that is good for him.”1

He should guard against wishing for death, even if his illness grows severe and his pain intensifies. It is related in the two Sahihs from Anas, may Allah be pleased with him, that the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, said: “Let none of you wish for death because of an affliction that has befallen him. If he feels that he must do so, then let him say: ‘O Allah, keep me alive for as long as life is better for me, and cause me to die when death is better for me.’”2

In Imam Ahmad’s Musnad, it is related from Umm al-Fadl, may Allah be pleased with her, that the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, entered upon them while al-ʿAbbās, the Messenger of Allah’s uncle, was ill. Al-ʿAbbās wished for death, so the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, said to him: “O uncle, do not wish for death. If you are a doer of good, then being granted more time so that you may add to your good deeds is better for you; and if you are a wrongdoer, then being granted more time so that you may make amends for your wrongdoing is better for you. Therefore, do not wish for death.”3

He should combine hope and fear within himself: hope for Allah’s mercy and fear of His punishment for his sins. Al-Tirmidhī and Ibn Mājah related from Anas, may Allah be pleased with him, that the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, entered upon a young man who was dying and asked, “How do you feel?” He replied, “By Allah, O Messenger of Allah, I have hope in Allah, but I fear my sins.” The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, said: “These two do not come together in the heart of a servant in such a situation without Allah granting him what he hopes for and protecting him from what he fears.”4

1. *Sahih Muslim* (no. 2999). 2. *Sahih al-Bukhari* (no. 3651) and *Sahih Muslim* (no. 2680). 3. *Al-Musnad* (6/339); al-Albānī—may Allah have mercy on him—graded it authentic in *Sahih al-Targhīb* (no. 3368). 4. *Sunan al-Tirmidhī* (no. 905) and *Sunan Ibn Mājah* (no. 4351); al-Albānī—may Allah have mercy on him—graded it authentic in *Sahih al-Jāmiʿ* (no. 3383).

"عَجَباً لأَمْرِ المُؤْمِنِ، إِنَّ أَمْرَهُ كُلَّهُ خَيْرٌ، وَلَيْسَ ذَاكَ لأَحَدٍ إِلاَّ لِلْمُؤْمِنِ؛ إِنْ أَصَابَتْهُ سَرَّاءُ شَكَرَ فَكَانَ خَيْراً لَهُ، وَإِنْ أَصَابَتْهُ ضَرَّاءُ صَبَرَ فَكَانَ خَيْراً لَهُ"١. وعليه أن يَحذرَ من تَمَنِّي الموت، حتَّى وإن اشتدَّ به المرضُ وزاد عليه الألَمُ، لِمَا في الصحيحين من حديث أنس ﵁ أنَّ رسول الله ﷺ قال: "لا يَتَمَنَّيَنَ أحدُكُم الموتَ لضُرٍّ أصابَه، فإن كان لا بدَّ فاعلاً فليقل: اللَّهمَّ أحْيِنِي ما كانت الحياةُ خيراً لي، وتوفَّنِي ما كانتُ الوفاةُ خيراً لي"٢. وفي المسند للإمام أحمد عن أمِّ الفضل ﵂: أنَّ رسولَ الله ﷺ دخلَ عليهم وعبَّاسُ عمُّ رسول الله ﷺ يشتكي، فتَمَنَّى عبَّاس الموتَ، فقال له رسول الله ﷺ: " يا عمّ لا تَتَمَنَّ الموتَ، فإنَّك إن كنتَ مُحسناً فأن تُؤَخَّر تَزْدَدْ إحساناً إلى إحسانك خيرٌ لك، وإن كنتَ مُسيئاً فأن تُؤَخَّرَ تَستعتِب من إساءَتِك خيرٌ لك، فلا تَتَمَنَّ الموتَ"٣. وينبغي عليه أن يَجمع لنفسه بين الرَّجاء والخوف، رجاءِ رحمة الله والخوف من عقابه على ذنوبه، فقد روى الترمذي وابنُ ماجه عن أنس ﵁: " أنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ دَخَلَ على شاب وهو بالموتِ، فقال: كيف تَجدُك قال: والله يا رسولَ الله إنِّي أرجو اللهَ وإنِّي أخافُ ذنوبي، فقال رسولُ الله ﷺ: لا يَجتَمعان في قَلب عَبدٍ في مثل هذا المَوطِن إلاَّ أعطاهُ الله ما يرجو وأمَّنَه مِمَّا يَخاف"٤.

١ صحيح مسلم (رقم:٢٩٩٩) . ٢ صحيح البخاري (رقم:٣٦٥١) ، وصحيح مسلم (رقم:٢٦٨٠) . ٣ المسند (٦/٣٣٩) ، وصحَّحه الألباني ﵀ في صحيح الترغيب (رقم:٣٣٦٨) . ٤ سنن الترمذي (رقم:٩٠٥) ، وسنن ابن ماجه (رقم:٤٣٥١) ، وصحَّحه الألباني ـ رحمه الله ـ في صحيح الجامع (رقم:٣٣٨٣) .