14/ The Varying Degrees of Excellence among the Surahs of the Quran, and the Merit of Sūrat al-Fātiha
We have already discussed the excellence of the Noble Quran—its surahs, verses, and letters—as well as its nobility, goodness, exalted status, and superiority over all other speech, for it is the speech, revelation, and sending down of the Lord, Mighty and Majestic. As our discussion of this subject continues, it may be fitting to mention the texts establishing the superiority of certain surahs and verses of the Noble Quran. Remembering Allah, Mighty and Majestic, by reciting and reflecting upon them brings a reward and recompense not associated with others, due to the magnitude of their meanings and the exaltedness of their subject matter.
Although the entire Noble Quran is the speech of Allah, speech is of two kinds: prescriptive or informative. Informative speech, in turn, either concerns the Creator or concerns created beings. Prescriptive speech consists of rulings, such as commands and prohibitions; information concerning created beings consists of narratives; and information concerning the Creator consists of mention of His names and attributes. There can be no doubt that Quranic texts containing the affirmation of Allah’s oneness and information concerning His names and attributes are superior to others. As one scholar said, “Allah’s speech concerning Himself is superior to His speech concerning anything else.” Thus, “Say: He is Allah, the One,” is superior to, “May the hands of Abū Lahab perish.”
This variation in excellence among the surahs and verses is not with respect to their attribution to the Speaker, for the Speaker is one—Allah, Glorified is He—but rather with respect to the meanings He expressed and the wording that conveys those meanings. The texts and reports establishing that some of Allah’s speech is superior to other parts are exceedingly numerous.
It is authentically reported that the Prophet—may Allah bless him and grant him peace—declared Sūrat al-Fātiha superior to the other surahs. He stated that nothing comparable to it had been revealed in the Torah, the Gospel, the Psalms, or the Quran, and that it is the Mother of the Quran.