Fiqh al-Adiyah wa-al-Adhkar - Abd al-Razzaq ibn Abd al-Muhsin al-Badr - (3/186)

Fiqh al-Adiyah wa-al-AdhkarAbd al-Razzaq ibn Abd al-Muhsin al-Badr

These are momentous words that every Muslim should learn and take care to say whenever he is afflicted by sorrow, worry, or distress. He should also know that these words will benefit him only if he understands their meaning, realizes their purpose, and acts upon what they signify. Merely reciting transmitted supplications and prescribed remembrances without understanding their meanings or realizing their purposes has little effect and yields no benefit.

When we reflect upon this supplication, we find that it encompasses four momentous foundations. A servant cannot attain happiness or be relieved of worry, distress, and sorrow except by fulfilling and realizing them.

The first foundation is to realize servitude to Allah, to be utterly broken before Him, to submit to Him, and to acknowledge that he is created by Allah and belongs to Him, as did his fathers and mothers before him—from his immediate parents all the way back to Adam and Eve. Hence he says: “O Allah, I am Your servant, the son of Your male servant and the son of Your female servant.” All are owned by Allah. He is their Creator, Lord, Master, and the One who governs their affairs. They cannot dispense with Him for even the blink of an eye, and they have none besides Him in whom to seek refuge or protection.

Realizing this requires the servant to uphold his servitude to Allah—Glorified is He—through humility, submission, brokenness, repentance, obeying His commands, avoiding His prohibitions, remaining constantly in need of Him, turning to Him for refuge, seeking His aid, relying upon Him, and seeking His protection. His heart must not become attached to anyone besides Him in love, fear, or hope.

The second foundation is that the servant believe in Allah’s decree and predestination: whatever Allah wills comes to pass, and whatever He does not will cannot come to pass. None can overturn His judgment or repel His decree: “Whatever mercy Allah opens up for people, none can withhold; and whatever He withholds, none can release thereafter.” 1 Hence he says in this supplication: “My forelock is in Your hand; Your judgment concerning me is inexorably carried out,

(1) Surah Fātir, verse 2.

فهذه كلماتٌ عظيمةٌ ينبغي على المسلم أن يتعلَّمها، وأن يحرصَ على قولها عندما يُصاب بالحزن أو الهمِّ أو الغمِّ، وليعلم كذلك أنَّ هؤلاء الكلمات إنَّما تكون نافعةً له إذا فَهم مدلولَها وحقَّق مقصودَها وعمل بما دلَّت عليه، أمَّا الإتيانُ بالأدعية المأثورة والأذكار المشروعية دون فهم لمعانيها ودون تحقيق لمقاصدها فإنَّ هذا قليلُ التأثير عديمُ الفائدة. وإذا تأمَّلنا هذا الدعاءَ نجدُ أنَّه يتضمن أربعة أصول عظيمة، لا سبيل للعبد إلى نيل السعادة وزوال الهم والغم والحزن إلاَّ بالإتيان بها وتحقيقها. أمَّا الأصل الأول: فهو تحقيقُ العبادة لله وتَمام الانكسار بين يديه، والخضوع له واعترافه بأنَّه مخلوق لله مَملوكٌ له هو وآباؤه وأمهاتُه، ابتداء من أبويه القريبين وانتهاء إلى آدم وحواء، ولهذا قال: "اللَّهمَّ إنِّي عبدُك وابنُ عبدك وابنُ أَمَتِك" فالكلُّ مماليك لله، وهو خالقُهم وربُّهم وسيِّدُهم ومدَبِّر شؤونهم، الذي لا غنى لهم عنه طرفة عين، وليس لهم من يعوذون به ويلوذون به سواه، ومن تحقيق ذلك التزام العبد عبوديته سبحانه من الذُّلِّ والخضوع والانكسار والإنابة وامتثال الأوامر واجتناب النواهي ودوام الافتقار إليه واللَّجأ إليه والاستعانة به والتوكل عليه والاستعاذة به، وأن لا يتعلَّق القلبُ بغيره محبَّةً وخوفاً ورجاءً. وأمَّا الأصل الثاني: فهو أن يؤمن العبدُ بقضاء الله وقَدَره، وأنَّ ما شاء الله كان وما لَم يشأ لَم يكن، وأنَّه سبحانه لا مُعَقِّبَ لحُكمه ولا رادَّ لقضائه ﴿مَا يَفْتَحِ اللَّهُ لِلنَّاسِ مِنْ رَحْمَةٍ فَلا مُمْسِكَ لَهَا وَمَا يُمْسِكْ فَلا مُرْسِلَ لَهُ مِنْ بَعْدِهِ﴾ ١، ولهذا قال في هذا الدعاء "ناصيَتِي بيدك، ماضٍ فِيَّ حُكمُك،

١ سورة: فاطر، الآية (٢) .