Fiqh al-Adiyah wa-al-Adhkar - Abd al-Razzaq ibn Abd al-Muhsin al-Badr - (3/173)

Fiqh al-Adiyah wa-al-AdhkarAbd al-Razzaq ibn Abd al-Muhsin al-Badr

His words, “Indeed, You decree, and none can decree over You,” constitute an appeal to Allah, Glorious is He, by affirming that He exercises judgment over all things, for His is the perfect judgment, the will that is always carried out, and the all-encompassing power. He decrees concerning His servants whatever He wills and judges them as He pleases. None can repel His judgment or overturn His decree. His words, “and none can decree over You,” mean that no servant can impose any decree upon Him. The servants do not judge Allah; rather, Allah, Glorious is He, judges them as He wills and decrees concerning them as He pleases.

His words, “Indeed, no one You take into Your care is humiliated, and no one You oppose is honored,” serve as an explanation of what preceded in the words, “Take me into Your care among those whom You have taken into Your care.” When Allah, Glorious is He, takes a servant into His care, that servant will not be humiliated; and when He opposes a servant, that servant will not attain honor. Honor and protection from humiliation are therefore sought from Him alone, Glorious is He: “Say, ‘O Allah, Owner of Sovereignty, You grant sovereignty to whom You will and take sovereignty from whom You will. You honor whom You will and humiliate whom You will. All good is in Your hand. Indeed, You have power over all things.’” 1.

His words, “Blessed are You, our Lord, and Exalted,” mean that “Blessed are You” signifies: You are supremely great, O Allah. Yours are perfect greatness and complete majesty; Your attributes are sublime, Your blessings are abundant, and Your beneficence encompasses all.

His words, “and Exalted,” mean that absolute exaltedness is Yours in Essence, rank, and irresistible supremacy. He, Glorious is He, is Most High in His Essence, having risen over His Throne in a manner befitting His majesty and perfection. He is Most High in rank, meaning that His attributes are lofty and magnificent. His attributes are sublime, and no one’s attributes resemble or even approach them. He is Most High in irresistible supremacy, for He has subdued all things and every creature submits to Him. The forelocks of all creation are in His hand: no creature moves or remains still except by His permission.

1. Sūrat Āl ‘Imrān, verse 26.

وقوله: "إنَّك تقضي ولا يقضى عليك" فيه التوسل إلى الله سبحانه بأنَّه يقضي على كلِّ شيء، لأنَّ له الحكمَ التامَّ والمشيئةَ النافذةَ والقدرة الشاملة، فهو سبحانه يقضي في عباده بما يشاء ويحكم فيهم بما يريد، لا رادَّ لحُكمه ولا معقب لقضائه، وقوله: "ولا يقضى عليك" أي: أنَّه سبحانه لا يقضي عليه أحدٌ من العباد بشيء، فالعباد لا يحكمون على الله، بل الله سبحانه هو الذي يحكم عليهم بما يشاء ويقضي فيهم بما يريد. وقوله: "إنَّه لا يذل من والَيت ولا يعز من عاديت" هذا كالتعليل لما سبق في قوله: "وتولَّني فيمن توليت"، فإنَّ الله سبحانه إذا تولَّى العبدَ فإنَّه لا يَذِلُّ، وإذا عادى العبدَ فإنَّه لا يَعِزُّ، ولا يُطلب نيلُ العز، والوقايةُ من الذل إلاَّ منه سبحانه، ﴿قُلِ اللَّهُمَّ مَالِكَ الْمُلْكِ تُؤْتِي الْمُلْكَ مَنْ تَشَاءُ وَتَنْزِعُ الْمُلْكَ مِمَّنْ تَشَاءُ وَتُعِزُّ مَنْ تَشَاءُ وَتُذِلُّ مَنْ تَشَاءُ بِيَدِكَ الْخَيْرُ إِنَّكَ عَلَى كُلِّ شَيْءٍ قَدِيرٌ﴾ ١. وقوله: "تباركت ربنا وتعاليت" معنى تباركت أي تعاظمتَ يا الله، فلك العظمةُ الكاملة والكبرياء التام، وعظُمَت أوصافُك وكثرت خيراتُك وعمَّ إحسانُك. وقوله: "وتعالَيت" أي: أنَّ لك العلوِّ المطلق ذاتاً وقدراً وقهراً، فهو سبحانه العَليُّ بذاته، قد استوى على عرشه استواءً يليق بجلاله وكماله، والعليُّ بقَدْره، وهو علوُّ صفاته وعظمتُها، فإنَّ صفاته عظيمةٌ، لا يماثلها ولا يقاربها صفةُ أحد، والعليُّ بقهره حيث قَهَرَ كلَّ شيء، ودانت له الكائناتُ بأسرها، فجميع الخلق نواصيهم بيده فلا يتحرك منهم متحرِّك ولا يسكن ساكن إلاَّ بإذنه.

١ سورة: آل عمران، الآية (٢٦) .