I have disclosed, the excesses I have committed, and what You know better than I. You are the One who brings forward and the One who holds back. No deity is worthy of worship except You.”1.

His words, “what I have done,” mean any error or shortcoming, while “what I have yet to do” means any such thing that I will commit in the future. “What I have concealed and what I have disclosed” means whatever I have done privately or openly. “The excesses I have committed” means the wrong I have done to myself by committing sins whose harm is confined to me or injustices that harm others.

His words, “You are the One who brings forward,” mean that You bring forward whomever You will through assistance, enabling grace, and right guidance; and “You are the One who holds back” means that You hold back whomever You will by forsaking and depriving them of assistance.

His words, “No deity is worthy of worship except You,” mean that none besides You is rightfully worshipped.

Another transmitted supplication for this point in the prayer is the report narrated by Abu Dāwud, Ibn Mājah, and others from Abu Sālih, from one of the Companions of the Prophet (may Allah bless him and grant him peace). The Prophet (may Allah bless him and grant him peace) asked a man, “What do you say in the prayer?” He replied, “I recite the tashahhud and say: O Allah, I ask You for Paradise and seek refuge in You from the Fire. Indeed, I cannot manage your murmuring or Mu‘ādh’s murmuring.” The Prophet (may Allah bless him and grant him peace) said, “Our murmuring revolves around those two things.”2. That is, our murmuring revolves around seeking entry into Paradise and deliverance from the Fire. Murmuring is when a man speaks so that the sound of his voice is heard but his words are not understood.

There are also hadiths in the sunnah containing supplications to be said during the prayer without specifying where they should be said. It is preferable that they be said in one of two places: either while prostrating or after the tashahhud, because