Fiqh al-Adiyah wa-al-Adhkar - Abd al-Razzaq ibn Abd al-Muhsin al-Badr - (3/156)

Fiqh al-Adiyah wa-al-AdhkarAbd al-Razzaq ibn Abd al-Muhsin al-Badr

His words, “and from the trials of life and death,” mean the trials of both life and death. What is intended is to seek refuge from all the trials associated with them: during life, from everything that harms a person’s religion, body, or worldly affairs; and at death, from its agonies and the horrors that follow it.

His words, “and from the trial of the False Messiah”: the False Messiah is one of the wellsprings of unbelief and misguidance and one of the sources of trials and terror. He will appear among people at the end of time, and his appearance is one of the signs of the Hour. He is called al-Masīh (the Messiah) because one of his eyes is effaced, his right eye being blind. He is called al-Dajjāl (the Great Deceiver) from dajl, meaning lying. The trial occasioned by his appearance is one of the greatest trials. There was never a prophet sent by Allah who did not caution his people against him and warn them of him.

It is reported in the two Sahīhs from ‘Ā’isha (may Allah be pleased with her) that the Messenger of Allah (may Allah bless him and grant him peace) used to supplicate during prayer: “O Allah, I seek refuge in You from the punishment of the grave. I seek refuge in You from the trial of the False Messiah. I seek refuge in You from the trials of life and death. O Allah, I seek refuge in You from sin and debt.” Someone asked him, “How often you seek refuge from debt!” He replied, “When a man falls into debt, he speaks and lies, and he makes promises and breaks them.”1.

Sin means anything through which a person incurs sin, encompassing all acts of disobedience and wrongdoing. Debt means whatever a person is obliged to pay because of an offense, a transaction, or the like. Thus, sin refers to the right owed to Allah, while debt refers to the rights owed to other people.

Among the supplications for this point in the prayer is one narrated by Muslim in his Sahīh from ‘Alī ibn Abī Tālib (may Allah be pleased with him) in a lengthy hadith: “Among the last things the Messenger of Allah (may Allah bless him and grant him peace) would say between the tashahhud and the salutation was: O Allah, forgive me for what I have done and what I have yet to do, what I have concealed and what

(1) *Sahīh al-Bukhārī*, no. 833; *Sahīh Muslim*, no. 589.

وقوله: "ومن فتنة المحيا والممات" أي الحياة والموت، والمراد التعوذ من جميع فتن الدارين؛ في الحياة من كلِّ ما يَضُرُّ بدين الإنسان أو بدنه أو دنياه، وفي الموت من شدائده وما يكون بعده من أهوال. وقوله: "ومن فتنة المسيح الدجال" المسيح الدجَّال هو منبع من منابع الكفر والضلال، ومصدر من مصادر الفتن والأوجال، يكون خروجه على الناس آخر الزمان، وهو شرط من أشراط الساعة، سُمِّي مسيحاً؛ لأنَّ إحدى عينيه مَمسوحة، فهو أعور عينه اليمنى، وسُمِّيَ دجَّالاً من الدَّجل وهو الكذب، وفتنة خروجه من أعظم الفتن، وما من نَبِيٍّ بعثه الله إلاَّ حذَّر منه قومه وأنذر. وفي الصحيحين عن عائشة ﵂ "أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ كَانَ يَدْعُو فِي الصَّلاَةِ: اللَّهُمَّ إِنِّي أَعُوذ بِكَ مِنْ عَذَابِ القَبْرِ، وَأَعُوذ بِكَ مِنْ فِتْنَةِ المَسِيحِ الدَجَّالِ، وَأَعُوذ بِكَ مِنْ فِتْنَةِ المَحْيَا، وَفِتْنَةِ المَمَاتِ، اللَّهُمَّ إِنِّي أَعُوذ بِكَ مِنَ المَأْثَمِ وَالمَغْرَمِ. فَقَالَ لَهُ قَائِلٌ: مَا أَكْثَرَ مَا تَسْتَعِيذ مِنَ المَغْرَمِ فَقَالَ: إِنَّ الرَّجُلَ إِذا غَرِمَ حَدَّثَ فَكَذَبَ، وَوَعَدَ فَأَخْلَفَ "١. والمأثم: هو الأمر الذي يأثم به الإنسان من جميع المعاصي والذنوب، والمغرَم: ما يلزم الإنسان أداؤه بسبب جناية أو معاملة أو نحو ذلك، فالمأثم إشارة إلى حقِّ الله، والمغرم: إشارة إلى حق العباد. ومن الأدعية في هذا المقام ما رواه مسلم في صحيحه عن علي بن أبي طالب ﵁ في حديث طويل: "أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ كَانَ مِنْ آخَرِ مَا يَقُولُ بَيْنَ التَشَهُّدِ وَالتَّسْلِيمِ: اللَّهُمَّ اغْفِرْ لِي مَا قَدَّمْتُ وَمَا أَخَّرْتُ، وَمَا أَسْرَرْتُ وَمَا

١ صحيح البخاري (رقم:٨٣٣) وصحيح مسلم (رقم:٥٨٩) .