Fiqh al-Adiyah wa-al-Adhkar - Abd al-Razzaq ibn Abd al-Muhsin al-Badr - (3/136)

Fiqh al-Adiyah wa-al-AdhkarAbd al-Razzaq ibn Abd al-Muhsin al-Badr

Overall, it is a magnificent remembrance and a blessed supplication encompassing the foundations of faith, the bases of religion, and the realities of Islam. It entails appealing to Allah through praise and glorification of Him and acknowledgment of servitude to Him, followed by asking Him—the Mighty and Majestic—to forgive one’s sins.

Another of the supplications with which the Prophet—may Allah bless him and grant him peace—would open the night prayer is that narrated by Muslim in his Sahīh from Aisha—may Allah be pleased with her—who said: “When the Messenger of Allah—may Allah bless him and grant him peace—rose to pray at night, he would begin his prayer by saying: ‘O Allah, Lord of Gabriel, Michael, and Isrāfīl, Originator of the heavens and the earth, Knower of the unseen and the seen, You judge between Your servants concerning that over which they differ. By Your permission, guide me to the truth concerning that over which they differ. Indeed, You guide whomever You will to a straight path.’”1

This entails appealing to Him—Glorified is He—through His universal lordship and His particular lordship over these three angels entrusted with matters of life. Gabriel is entrusted with revelation, through which hearts and souls are given life; Michael is entrusted with rainfall, through which the earth, plants, and animals are given life; and Isrāfīl is entrusted with blowing the Trumpet, through which creation will be brought to life after death.2 It also entails appealing to Him—Glorified is He—as the Originator of the heavens and the earth—that is, their Creator and Maker—and through His knowledge of the unseen and the seen—that is, what is secret and what is public—and through the fact that He alone judges between His servants concerning that over which they differ, asking Him to guide one, by His permission, to the truth concerning their differences. Guidance is knowledge of the truth, coupled with seeking it and preferring it over everything else. The rightly guided person is one who acts upon the truth and desires it. Guidance is Allah’s greatest blessing upon His servant. We ask Allah to guide us all to the truth along a straight path and to grant us success in every good.

(1) *Sahīh Muslim*, no. 770. (2) See Ibn al-Qayyim, *Ighāthat al-Lahfān*, 2:172.

وهو في الجملة ذكرٌ عظيمٌ ودعاءٌ مبارَكٌ مشتملٌ على أصول الإيمان وأُسُسِ الدِّين وحقائق الإسلام، وفيه التوسُّلُ إلى الله بحمده والثناء عليه والإقرار بعبوديته، ثم سؤالُه ﵎ مغفرةَ الذنوب. ومن استفتحاته ﷺ لصلاة الليل ما رواه مسلم في صحيحه عن عائشة ﵂ قالت: "كَانَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ إِذا قَامَ مِنَ اللَّيْلِ افْتَتَحَ الصَّلاَةَ: اللَّهُمَّ رَبَّ جَبْرَائِيلَ وَمِيكَائِيلَ وَإِسْرَافِيلَ، فَاطِرَ السَّمَوَاتِ وَالأَرْضِ، عَالِمَ الغَيْبِ وَالشَّهَادَةِ، أَنْتَ تَحْكُمُ بَيْنَ عِبَادِكَ فِيمَا كَانُوا فِيهِ يَخْتَلِفُونَ، اهْدِنِي لِمَا اخْتُلِفَ فِيهِ مِنَ الحَقِّ بِإِذْنِكَ، إِنَّكَ تَهْدِي مَنْ تَشَاءُ إِلَى صِرَاطٍ مُسْتَقِيمٍ"١. وهذا فيه التوسُّل إليه سبحانه بربوبيته العامة والخاصّة لهؤلاء الثلاثة من الملائكة الموكلين بالحياة؛ فجبريل موكَّلٌ بالوحي الذي به حياةُ القلوب والأرواح، وميكائيل موكَّلٌ بالقَطر الذي به حياة الأرض والنبات والحيوان، وإسرافيل موكَّلٌ بالنفخ في الصُّور الذي به حياة الخلق بعد مماتِهم٢، وتوسُّلٌ إليه سبحانه بكونه فاطر السموات والأرض، أي: خالقهما ومبدعهما، وبعلمه سبحانه الغيب والشهادة، أي: السِّرَّ والعلانيةَ، وبأنَّه سبحانه هو الذي يحكم بين عباده فيما كانوا فيه يختلفون، أن يهديه لِما اختلف فيه من الحقِّ بإذنه، والهدايةُ هي العلمُ بالحقِّ مع قصده وإيثاره على غيره، والمهتدي هو العاملُ بالحقِّ المريد له، وهي أعظم نعمة لله على العبد، نسأل الله أن يهديَنا جميعاً إليه صراطاً مستقيماً، وأن يوفِّقنا لكلِّ خير.

١ صحيح مسلم (رقم:٧٧٠) . ٢ انظر: إغاثة اللهفان لابن القيم (٢/١٧٢) .