Fiqh al-Adiyah wa-al-Adhkar - Abd al-Razzaq ibn Abd al-Muhsin al-Badr - (3/111)

Fiqh al-Adiyah wa-al-AdhkarAbd al-Razzaq ibn Abd al-Muhsin al-Badr

Among the proper manners of relieving oneself is that a Muslim should neither face the qiblah while defecating or urinating, out of respect for it, nor turn his back toward it. He should also not cleanse himself with his right hand. Abū Hurayrah—may Allah be pleased with him—reported that the Messenger of Allah—peace and blessings be upon him—said: “I am to you like a father, teaching you. When any one of you goes to relieve himself, he must neither face the qiblah nor turn his back toward it, and he must not cleanse himself with his right hand.” He would instruct them to use three stones and forbid the use of dung.1

Reflect on the thorough care, gracious concern, and perfect sincerity of counsel embodied in his words—peace and blessings be upon him: “I am to you like a father, teaching you.”

Another proper manner is that, when a Muslim cleans himself with stones after relieving himself, he should use no fewer than three, as this ensures thorough cleansing. There is no harm in using materials that serve the same purpose as stones, such as tissues and the like. He may also cleanse himself with water, which is preferable. It is reported in the two Sahih collections that Anas ibn Mālik—may Allah be pleased with him—said: “Whenever the Messenger of Allah—peace and blessings be upon him—went out to relieve himself, I and another boy would bring a small vessel of water with us—meaning that he would cleanse himself with it.”2

When relieving himself, a Muslim must also guard against splashes of urine striking his body or clothing. Ibn Abbās—may Allah be pleased with them both—reported that the Messenger of Allah—peace and blessings be upon him—passed by two graves and said: “Indeed, they are being punished, though they are not being punished for anything great. One of them used to go about spreading malicious gossip, while the other did not protect himself from his urine.” Another narration states: “He did not take care to keep himself away from urine—or free of urine.”3

A Muslim may not speak while relieving himself, nor occupy himself with any form of

(1) *Sunan Abī Dāwūd* (no. 8); graded hasan by al-Albānī (may Allah have mercy on him) in *Sahīh al-Jāmiʿ* (no. 2346). (2) *Sahīh al-Bukhārī* (no. 150); *Sahīh Muslim* (no. 271). (3) *Sahīh al-Bukhārī* (no. 1361); *Sahīh Muslim* (no. 292).

ومن آداب قضاء الحاجة ألاَّ يستقبلَ المسلمُ القبلةَ بغائطٍ ولا بولٍ احتراماً لها، ولا يستَدْبِرْها، وألاَّ يستنجي بيده اليمنى، فعن أبي هريرة ﵁ قال: قال رسول الله ﷺ: " إنَّما أنا لكم بِمَنْزلة الوالد أعلِّمكم، فإذا أتى أحدُكم الغائطَ فلاَ يستقبل القبلةَ ولا يستدبرها، ولا يستطِب بيمينه، وكان يأمر بثلاثة أحجار، وينهى عن الرَّوث"١. وتأمَّل ما في قوله ﷺ: "إنَّما أنا لكم بِمنْزلة الوالد أعلِّمكم" من تَمام الرعاية وحسن العناية وكمال النصح. ومن الأدب إذا استجمر المسلمُ بعد قضائه الحاجة ألاَّ يستجمر بأقلَّ من ثلاث؛ لِما في ذلك من تمام الإنقاء، ولا بأس أن يستعمل ما يقوم مقام الأحجار كالمناديل ونحوها، وله أن يستنجي بالماء وهو أفضل، ففي الصحيحين عن أنس بن مالك ﵁ قال: " كان رسول الله ﷺ إذا خرج لحاجته أجيء أنا وغلام معنا إدواةٌ من ماء، يعني يستنجي به"٢. وعلى المسلم عند قضاء الحاجة أن يحذر من رَشاش البول أن يُصيب بدنَه أو ثيابَه؛ لِما روى ابن عباس ﵄ قال: مرَّ رسولُ الله ﷺ على قَبْرَين، فقال: "أمَا إنَّهما ليُعذَّبان، وما يُعذَّبان في كَبير، أمَّا أحدُهما فكان يمشي بالنميمة، وأمَّا الآخر فكان لا يستترُ من بوله"، وفي رواية: "لا يَسْتَنْزه عن البول أو من البول"٣. ولا يجوز للمسلم أن يتكلَّم وقت قضائه الحاجة، ولا يشتغل بشيء من

١ سنن أبي داود (رقم:٨) ، وحسَّنه الألباني ﵀ في صحيح الجامع (رقم:٢٣٤٦) . ٢ صحيح البخاري (رقم:١٥٠) ، صحيح مسلم (رقم:٢٧١) . ٣ صحيح البخاري (رقم:١٣٦١) ، صحيح مسلم (رقم:٢٩٢) .