Fiqh al-Adiyah wa-al-Adhkar - Abd al-Razzaq ibn Abd al-Muhsin al-Badr - (3/58)

Fiqh al-Adiyah wa-al-AdhkarAbd al-Razzaq ibn Abd al-Muhsin al-Badr

including His attributes of perfection and qualities of majesty, while declaring Him free from all resemblance to creation, from any denial of His attributes, and from every imperfection. It also entails belief in the noble angels and in everything mentioned about them in revelation—their names, descriptions, numbers, and duties—as well as belief in all the messengers—peace be upon them—and the Books revealed to them, including the accounts, commands, and prohibitions those Books contain. The believers make no distinction between any of Allah’s messengers; rather, they believe in them all and say, “We have heard what You commanded us to do and forbade us to do, and we obey You in all of it.” They ask Him to forgive whatever shortcomings or failures they have committed, and they believe that their return and final destination are to Him—glorified is He—whereupon He will recompense them for the good and evil they have done. This, in summary, is what the first verse indicates.

The second verse states that Allah does not charge people with what they cannot bear or what would be difficult for them to do. Rather, He has charged them with that which nourishes their spirits, heals their bodies, rectifies their hearts, and purifies their souls. It also states that every soul will have whatever good it earns and bear whatever evil it commits. Having spoken of the faith of the Messenger and the believers with him, of how they received Allah’s command with hearing and obedience, and of how every person will be recompensed for their deeds—and since human beings are prone to shortcomings, mistakes, and forgetfulness—He stated that He charges His servants only with what they can bear. He also related the believers’ supplication concerning this: “Our Lord, do not take us to task if we forget or make a mistake,” followed by the other blessed supplications contained in the verses. The Prophet—peace and blessings be upon him—related that Allah said, “I have done so,” meaning: “I have answered whoever offers these supplications.”

It is authentically established in Sahīh Muslim that Abū Hurayrah—may Allah be pleased with him—reported that the Messenger of Allah—peace and blessings be upon him—said: “Allah said, ‘Yes.’”1.

(1) Sahīh Muslim, no. 125.

من صفات كماله ونعوت جلاله، وتَنْزيهه عن التمثيل والتعطيل وعن جميع صفات النَّقص، ويتضمَّن الإيمان بالملائكة الكرام، وبجميع ما ذكر عنهم في الوحي؛ من أسمائهم وأوصافهم وأعدادهم ووظائفهم، والإيمانُ بجميع الرُّسل ﵈ والكتب المنَزَّلة عليهم، وما تضمَّنته الكتبُ من الأخبار والأوامر والنواهي، وأنَّهم لا يفرِّقون بين أحد من رسل الله، بل يؤمنون بالجميع، ويقولون سمعنا ما أمرتنا به ونَهيتنا عنه، وأطعنا لك في ذلك، ويسألونه المغفرةَ على ما صدر منهم من تقصير أو إخلال، ويؤمنون بأنَّ مرجعَهم ومصيرَهم إليه سبحانه فيجازيهم بما عملوا من خير وشر، هذا خلاصةُ ما دلَّت عليه الآيةُ الأولى. والآيةُ الثانية فيها الإخبار بأنَّ الله لا يكلِّف الناسَ ما لا يطيقون أو يشق عليهم فعله، بل كلَّفهم بما فيه غذاءُ أرواحهم، ودواءُ أبدانهم، وصلاحُ قلوبهم، وزكاءُ نفوسهم، وفيها الإخبارُ بأنَّ لكلِّ نفس ما كسبت من الخير وعليها ما اكتسبت من الشَّرِّ، ولَمَّا أخبر تعالى عن إيمان الرَّسول والمؤمنين معه وأنَّهم قابلوا أمرَ الله بالسمع والطاعة، وأنَّ كلَّ عامل سيُجَازَى بعمله، وكان الإنسانُ عرضةً للتقصير والخطأ والنسيان أخبر أنَّه لا يكلِّف العبادَ إلاَّ ما يطيقون، وأخبر عن دعاء المؤمنين بذلك ﴿رَبَّنَا لا تُؤَاخِذْنَا إِنْ نَسِينَا أَوْ أَخْطَأْنَا﴾ إلى آخر ما جاء في الآيات من دعوات مباركة، وقد أخبر النَّبِيّ ﷺ أنَّ الله قال: "قد فَعَلتُ" أي: أجبتُ لِمَن دعا بهذه الدعوات. وقد ثبت في صحيح مسلم عن أبي هريرة ﵁ عن رسول الله ﷺ قال: "قال الله: نعم"١.

١ صحيح مسلم (رقم:١٢٥) .