Fiqh al-Adiyah wa-al-AdhkarAbd al-Razzaq ibn Abd al-Muhsin al-Badr

while they think that they are doing good works.” 1 A person may likewise acquire provision and wealth, believing it to be wholesome and beneficial, when in reality it is foul and harmful. There is no way for a person to distinguish the beneficial from the harmful or the wholesome from the foul except through beneficial knowledge. For this reason, the texts of the Book and the Sunnah abound, and the evidence is overwhelming, in urging people to seek knowledge, encouraging them to acquire it, and explaining the virtue of those who follow its path: “Are those who know equal to those who do not know? Only people of understanding take heed.” 2.

The Prophet’s words (peace and blessings be upon him) in the hadith, “beneficial knowledge,” indicate that knowledge is of two kinds: beneficial knowledge and knowledge that is not beneficial. The greatest beneficial knowledge is that through which a Muslim draws near to his Lord, learns about his religion, and gains clear insight into the path of truth that he should follow. In this regard, reflect upon the words of Allah Most High: “There has come to you from Allah a light and a clear Book, through which Allah guides those who seek His pleasure to the ways of peace, brings them out of darkness into light by His permission, and guides them to a straight path.” 3 It therefore behoves a Muslim each day to devote attention to the Noble Quran by reviewing and studying it, and to attend to the Sunnah of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), which clarifies the Quran and explains its meanings and purposes.

His words in the hadith, “and wholesome provision,” indicate that provision is of two kinds: wholesome and foul. Allah Most High is pure and accepts only what is pure. He commanded the believers to do what He commanded the messengers, saying: “O messengers, eat of the wholesome things and perform righteous deeds.” 4,

(1) Surah al-Kahf, verses 103–104. (2) Surah al-Zumar, verse 9. (3) Surah al-Māʾida, verses 15–16. (4) Surah al-Muʾminūn, verse 51.
وَهُمْ يَحْسَبُونَ أَنَّهُمْ يُحْسِنُونَ صُنْعاً﴾ ١، وقد يكتسب رزقاً ومالاً ويظنُّه طيِّباً مفيداً، وهو في حقيقته خبيثٌ ضارٌّ، وليس للإنسان سبيلٌ إلى التمييز بين النافع والضار والطيِّب والخبيث إلاَّ بالعلم النافع، ولهذا تكاثرت النصوصُ في الكتاب والسنَّة، وتضافرت الأدلَّة في الحثِّ على طلب العلم والترغيب في تحصيله وبيان فضل من سلك سبيله ﴿هَلْ يَسْتَوِي الَّذِينَ يَعْلَمُونَ وَالَّذِينَ لا يَعْلَمُونَ إِنَّمَا يَتَذَكَّرُ أُولُو الْأَلْبَابِ﴾ ٢. وقوله ﷺ في الحديث: "علماً نافعاً" فيه دلالةٌ على أنَّ العلمَ نوعان؛ علمٌ نافعٌ وعلم ليس بنافع، وأعظمُ العلم النافع ما ينال به المسلمُ القربَ من ربِّه والمعرفةَ بدينه والبصيرةَ بسبيل الحق الذي ينبغي أن يسير عليه، وتأمَّل في هذا قول الله تعالى: ﴿قَدْ جَاءَكُمْ مِنَ اللَّهِ نُورٌ وَكِتَابٌ مُبِينٌ يَهْدِي بِهِ اللَّهُ مَنِ اتَّبَعَ رِضْوَانَهُ سُبُلَ السَّلامِ وَيُخْرِجُهُمْ مِنَ الظُّلُمَاتِ إِلَى النُّورِ بِإِذْنِهِ وَيَهْدِيهِمْ إِلَى صِرَاطٍ مُسْتَقِيمٍ﴾ ٣، فحَريٌّ بالمسلم في يومه أن يَعْتَنِيَ بالقرآن الكريم وبمذاكرته ومدارسته، وأن يَعتَنِي بسنة النَّبِيِّ ﷺ المبيِّنة له والشارحَة لدلالته ومقاصده. وقوله في الحديث "ورزقاً طيباً" فيه إشارةٌ إلى أنَّ الرزق نوعان طيِّبٌ وخبيث، والله تعالى طيب لا يقبل إلاَّ طيباً، وقد أمر المؤمنين بما أمر به المرسلين فقال تعالى: ﴿يَا أَيُّهَا الرُّسُلُ كُلُوا مِنَ الطَّيِّبَاتِ وَاعْمَلُوا صَالِحاً﴾ ٤،
١ سورة: الكهف، الآيتان (١٠٣ ـ ١٠٤) . ٢ سورة: الزمر، الآية (٩) . ٣ سورة: المائدة، الآيتان (١٥ ـ ١٦) . ٤ سورة: المؤمنون، الآية (٥١) .

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