Fiqh al-Adiyah wa-al-Adhkar - Abd al-Razzaq ibn Abd al-Muhsin al-Badr - (3/16)

Fiqh al-Adiyah wa-al-AdhkarAbd al-Razzaq ibn Abd al-Muhsin al-Badr

the sins and acts of disobedience he commits. He then asks Him, Glorified is He, to forgive all of that, acknowledging that none but Him, Glorified is He, forgives sins.

This is the most complete form of supplication. For this reason, it is the greatest and best formula for seeking forgiveness and the one that most comprehensively contains the meanings that lead to the forgiveness of sins.

The expression Allāhumma at the beginning of this supplication means “O Allah.” The vocative particle yā has been omitted and replaced by the doubled letter mīm. The two may therefore not be combined, since a substitute and that for which it substitutes are not used together. Moreover, this expression is used only when making a request. Thus, one does not say, “O Allah, Forgiving and Merciful”; rather, one says, “O Allah, forgive me and have mercy on me,” and the like.

His words, “You are my Lord. None has the right to be worshipped but You. You created me, and I am Your servant,” express humility, submission, and brokenness before Allah, as well as belief in His oneness, Glorified is He, in both His Lordship and His exclusive right to worship. “You are my Lord” means: I have no lord or creator besides You. The Lord is the Sovereign, Creator, Provider, and Governor of the affairs of His creation. This is an affirmation of the oneness of His Lordship. Hence, it is followed by the words, “You created me”—that is: You are my Lord who created me; I have no creator besides You.

“None has the right to be worshipped but You” means: none besides You is rightfully worshipped. You alone deserve worship. This is the realization of Allah’s exclusive right to worship. Hence, it is followed by the words, “and I am Your servant”—that is: I worship You, for You alone are rightfully worshipped, and none besides You is rightfully worshipped.

“I remain true to Your covenant and promise to the best of my ability” means: I remain true to the covenant and pledge I made to You—to believe in You, obey You, and comply with Your commands. “To the best of my ability” means: to the extent of my capacity, for He, Glorified is He, does not burden any soul beyond its capacity.

بما يصيبُ من الذنوب والمعاصي، ثم سأله سبحانه المغفرةَ مِن ذلك كلِّه، معترفاً بأنَّه لا يغفرُ الذنوبَ سواه سبحانه. وهذا أكملُ ما يكون في الدُّعاء، ولهذا كان أعظمَ صِيغ الاستغفار وأفضلَها وأجمعَها للمعاني الموجبة لغفران الذنوب. وقوله في أول هذا الدعاء "اللَّهمَّ" هي بمعنى يا الله، حذف منها ياءَ النداء وعوض عنها بالميم المشددة، ولهذا لا يجوز الجمع بينهما؛ لأنَّه لا يجمع بين العِوَض والمعوَّض عنه، ولا تستعمل هذه الكلمة إلاَّ في الطلب، فلا يقال: اللَّهم غفور رحيم، وإنَّما يقال: اللَّهم اغفر لي وارحمني ونحو ذلك. وقوله: "أنتَ ربِّي لا إلَه إلاَّ أنت خلقتَنِي وأنا عبدُك" فيه تذَلُّلٌ وخضوعٌ، وانكسارٌ بين يدي الله، وإيمان بوحدانيته سبحانه في ربوبيَّتِه وألوهيته، فقوله: "أنت ربِّي" أي: ليس لي ربٌّ ولا خالق سواك، والربُّ هو المالك الخالقُ الرازقُ المدبِّر لشؤون خلقه، فهذا إقرارٌ بتوحيد الربوبية، ولهذا أعقبه بقوله "خلقتنِي" أي: أنت ربِّي الذي خلقتنِي ليس لي خالقٌ سِواك. وقوله: "لا إله إلاَّ أنت" أي: لا معبود بحقٍّ سواك، فأنت وحدك المستحق للعبادة، وهذا تحقيقٌ لتوحيد الألوهية؛ ولهذا أعقَبَه بقوله "وأنا عبدك" أي: وأنا عابدٌ لك، فأنت المعبودُ بحقٍّ ولا معبودَ بحقٍّ سواك. وقوله: "وأنا على عهدك ووعدك ما استطعت" أي: وأنا على ما عاهدتُك عليه وواعدتُك من الإيمان بك والقيام بطاعتك وامتثال أوامرك، "ما استطعت" أي: على قَدْر استطاعتِي، فإنَّه سبحانه لا يكلِّف نفساً إلاَّ وُسْعَها.