Fiqh al-Adiyah wa-al-Adhkar - Abd al-Razzaq ibn Abd al-Muhsin al-Badr - (3/15)

Fiqh al-Adiyah wa-al-AdhkarAbd al-Razzaq ibn Abd al-Muhsin al-Badr

113 / Among the Remembrances of Morning and Evening

Among the great remembrances and blessed supplications that a Muslim should observe every morning and evening is the following hadith authentically reported in Sahīh al-Bukhārī from Shaddād ibn Aws, may Allah be pleased with him. The Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, said:

“The foremost supplication for forgiveness is to say: ‘O Allah, You are my Lord. None has the right to be worshipped but You. You created me, and I am Your servant. I remain true to Your covenant and promise to the best of my ability. I seek refuge in You from the evil of what I have done. I acknowledge Your favor upon me, and I acknowledge my sin, so forgive me, for none forgives sins but You.’ Whoever says this during the day with full conviction and dies that same day before evening will be among the people of Paradise; and whoever says it at night with full conviction and dies before morning will be among the people of Paradise.”1

This is a magnificent supplication encompassing the meanings of repentance, humble submission before Allah, Mighty and Majestic, and turning penitently to Him. The Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, described it as the foremost supplication for forgiveness because it surpasses every other formula for seeking forgiveness in merit and stands above them in rank. One of the meanings of sayyid is someone who surpasses his people in goodness and rises above them.

The reason this supplication is superior to other formulas for seeking forgiveness is that the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, began it by praising Allah and acknowledging that the supplicant is Allah’s servant, subject to His lordship and created by Him, Majestic and Exalted; that He alone is rightly worshipped and none besides Him is rightly worshipped; that the supplicant remains true to the promise and steadfast upon the covenant of faith in Him, His Book, and all His prophets and messengers; and that he adheres to all of this to the best of his ability. He then seeks refuge in Allah, Glorified is He, from the evil of all he has done—his failure to fulfill his duty of gratitude for Allah’s blessings and his commission of sins. He then acknowledges the unbroken succession of Allah’s blessings, gifts, and favors, and admits

1. *Sahīh al-Bukhārī* (no. 6306).

١١٣ / ومن أَذْكَار طَرَفَيِ النَّهَارِ إنَّ مِن الأذكارِ العظيمة والدعواتِ المباركة التي ينبغي على المسلم أن يحافظ عليها كلَّ صباح ومساء ما ثبت في صحيح البخاري من حديث شداد ابن أوس ﵁ عن النَّبِيّ ﷺ أنَّه قال: " سَيِّدُ الاسْتِغَفَارِ أَنْ يَقُولُ: اللَّهُمَّ أَنْتَ رَبِّي لاَ إِلَهَ إِلاَّ أَنْتَ، خَلَقْتَنِي وَأَنَا عَبْدُكَ، وَأَنَا عَلَى عَهْدِكَ وَوَعْدِكَ مَا اسْتَطَعْتُ، أَعُوذُ بِكَ مِنْ شَرِّ مَا صَنَعْتُ، أَبُوءُ لَكَ بِنِعْمَتِكَ عَلَيَّ، وَأَبُوءُ لَكَ بِذَنْبِي فَاغْفِرْ لِي، فَإِنَّهُ لاَ يَغْفِرُ الذُّنُوبَ إِلاَّ أَنْتَ، مَنْ قَالَهَا مِنَ النَّهَارِ مُوقِناً بِهَا فَمَاتَ مِنْ يَوْمِهِ قَبْلَ أَنْ يُمْسِيَ فَهُوَ مِنْ أَهْلِ الجَنَّةِ، وَمَنْ قَالَهَا مِنَ اللَّيْلِ وَهُوَ مُوقِنٌ بِهَا فَمَاتَ قَبْلَ أَنْ يُصْبِحَ فَهُوَ مِنْ أَهْلِ الجَنَّةِ"١. فهذا دعاءٌ عظيمٌ جامعٌ لمعاني التوبةِ والتَّذَلُّلِ لله ﵎ والإنابة إليه، وَصَفَهُ ﷺ بأنَّه سيِّدُ الاستغفار، وذلك لأنَّه قد فاق سائرَ صيغِ الاستغفار في الفضيلة، وعلا عليها في الرتبة، ومن معاني السيِّد، أي: الذي يفوق قومَه في الخير ويرتفع عليهم. ووجهُ أفضليةِ هذا الدعاء على غيره من صِيَغِ الاستغفار أنَّ النَّبِيّ ﷺ بدأه بالثَّناء على الله والاعتراف بأنَّه عبدٌ لله مربوبٌ مخلوق له ﷿، وأنه سبحانه المعبود بحقٍّ ولا معبود بحقٍّ سواه، وأنَّه مقيمٌ على الوعد، ثابتٌ على العهد من الإيمان به وبكتابه وبسائر أنبيائه ورسله، وأنَّه مقيمٌ على ذلك بحسب طوقه واستطاعته، ثم استعاذ به سبحانه من شَرِّ كلِّ ما صَنَع من التقصير في القيام بما يجب عليه مِن شُكر الإنعام وارتكاب الآثام، ثم أَقَرَّ بترادف نِعمِه سبحانه وتوالي عطاياه ومِنَنِه، واعترف

١ صحيح البخاري (رقم:٦٣٠٦) .