Fiqh al-Adiyah wa-al-Adhkar - Abd al-Razzaq ibn Abd al-Muhsin al-Badr - (2/284)

Fiqh al-Adiyah wa-al-AdhkarAbd al-Razzaq ibn Abd al-Muhsin al-Badr

and what I have disclosed, my excesses, and what You know better than I do. You are the One who brings forward and the One who holds back; there is no deity but You.”1

Among them—and the fullest and most complete—is what is authentically reported in Sahīh al-Bukhārī from Shaddād ibn Aws (may Allah be pleased with him), who narrated that the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: “The supreme formula for seeking forgiveness is for the servant to say: O Allah, You are my Lord; there is no deity but You. You created me, and I am Your servant. I remain faithful to Your covenant and promise to the best of my ability. I seek refuge in You from the evil of what I have done. I acknowledge before You Your favor upon me, and I acknowledge my sin; so forgive me, for none forgives sins but You.”2

Because this hadith encompasses the meanings of repentance, contains the essential realities of faith, and embodies pure servitude, utter humility, and complete need of Allah, it excels all other formulas for seeking forgiveness in merit and ranks above them.

Ibn al-Qayyim (may Allah have mercy on him) said: “This formula for seeking forgiveness thus includes the servant’s acknowledgment of Allah’s lordship, divinity, and oneness; his acknowledgment that Allah is his Creator, who knows him fully, for He brought him into being in a state that necessarily entails his inability to render Allah His full due and his falling short in doing so; and his acknowledgment that he is Allah’s servant, whose forelock is in His hand and who is within His grasp, with no escape from Him and no protector besides Him. It then includes his commitment to submit to His covenant—His commands and prohibitions—which He laid upon him through His Messenger, and his acknowledgment that this is to the extent of my ability, not to the extent required to render You Your full due, for that is beyond human capacity. It is only the effort that one of limited means can make, to the extent of his capacity. Yet despite this, I believe Your promise of reward to those who obey You and punishment to those who disobey You. I therefore remain faithful to Your covenant and believe Your promise. Then I turn to seeking refuge

1. *Sahīh Muslim* (no. 771). 2. *Sahīh al-Bukhārī* (no. 6306).

وما أعلنتُ، وما أسرفتُ، وما أنتَ أعلم به منِّي، أنتَ المقدِّم وأنت المُؤخِّر، لا إله إلاَّ أنت " ١. ومنها، وهو أتَمُّها وأكملُها ما ثبت في صحيح البخاري عن شدَّاد ابن أوس ﵁ عن النبيِّ ﷺ قال: " سيِّدُ الاستغفار أن يقول العبدُ: اللَّهمَّ أنت ربِّي لا إله إلاَّ أنت، خلقتني وأنا عبدُك، وأنا على عهدِك ووعدِكَ ما استطعتُ، أعوذُ بك من شرِّ ما صنعتُ، أبوء لك بنعمَتِك عليَّ، وأبوء بذنبي فاغفر لي، فإنَّه لا يغفرُ الذنوبَ إلاَّ أنتَ "٢. فهذا الحديث لَمَّا كان جامعاً لمعاني التوبة، مشتملاً على حقائقِ الإيمان، مُتضمِّناً لمحضِ العبودية، وتمام الذُّلِّ والافتقار فاق سائرَ صِيَغِ الاستغفار في الفضيلة وارتفع عليها. قال ابن القيم ﵀: " فتضمَّن هذا الاستغفار الاعترافَ من العبد بربوبيَّة الله وإلهيَّته وتوحيده، والاعتراف بأنَّه خالقُه، العالمُ به؛ إذ أنشأه نشأةً تستلزمُ عجزَه عن أداء حقِّه وتقصيره فيه، والاعتراف بأنَّه عبدُه الذي ناصيتُه بيده وفي قبضتِه، لا مهربَ له منه، ولا ولِيَّ له سواه، ثمَّ التزامُ الدخول تحت عهده ـ وهو أمره ونهيه ـ الذي عَهدَه إليه على لسان رسوله، وأنَّ ذلك بحسب استطاعتي، لا بحسب أداء حقِّك، فإنَّه غير مقدور للبشر، وإنَّما هو جهد المقلِّ، وقدر الطاقة، ومع ذلك فأنا مصدِّقٌ بوعدك الذي وعدته لأهل طاعتك بالثواب، ولأهلِ معصيتك بالعقاب، فأنا مقيمٌ على عهدِك مُصدِّقٌ بوعدِك، ثمَّ أفزع إلى الاستعاذة

١ صحيح مسلم (رقم:٧٧١) . ٢ صحيح البخاري (رقم:٦٣٠٦) .