Fiqh al-Adiyah wa-al-Adhkar - Abd al-Razzaq ibn Abd al-Muhsin al-Badr - (2/272)

Fiqh al-Adiyah wa-al-AdhkarAbd al-Razzaq ibn Abd al-Muhsin al-Badr

Among the things demonstrating the tremendous importance and lofty status of seeking forgiveness is that the revealed texts frequently mention it together with the declaration of monotheism—“There is no deity worthy of worship except Allah”—which is the best, most excellent, and most sublime of all utterances. Allah Almighty says: “Know, then, that there is no deity worthy of worship except Allah, and seek forgiveness for your sin and for the believing men and women.” 1 He also says: “Worship none but Allah. Indeed, I am to you from Him a warner and a bearer of glad tidings. And seek forgiveness from your Lord, then repent to Him.” 2 He also says: “Say: I am only a human being like you, to whom it has been revealed that your God is One God. So take a straight course to Him and seek His forgiveness.” 3 He also says: “And to Ād We sent their brother Hūd. He said, ‘O my people, worship Allah; you have no deity other than Him,’” up to His saying: “O my people, seek forgiveness from your Lord, then repent to Him.” 4

Likewise, regarding the expiation for a gathering, the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: “Glory and praise be to You, O Allah. I testify that there is no deity worthy of worship except You. I seek Your forgiveness and repent to You.” 5 After completing ablution, he (peace and blessings be upon him) would also say: “I testify that there is no deity worthy of worship except Allah alone, without partner, and I testify that Muhammad is His servant and Messenger. O Allah, make me among those who constantly repent, and make me among those who purify themselves.” 6 And in the supplication with which he (peace and blessings be upon him) would conclude the prayer, he said: “O Allah, forgive me for what I have done in the past and what I may do in the future, what I have concealed and what I have disclosed, and whatever You know better than I. You are the One Who brings forward, and You are the One Who puts back

1. Surah Muhammad, verse 19. 2. Surah Hūd, verse 3. 3. Surah Fussilat, verse 6. 4. Surah Hūd, verses 50–52. 5. *Sunan Abī Dāwūd*, no. 4857; authenticated by al-Albānī, may Allah have mercy on him, in *Sahīh al-Jāmiʿ*, no. 4487. 6. *Sunan al-Tirmidhī*, no. 55; authenticated by al-Albānī, may Allah have mercy on him, in *al-Irwāʾ*, 1/134.

وممَّا يُبيِّن عِظَمَ شأن الاستغفار ورفيع مكانته أنَّه كثيراً ما يأتي في النصوص مقروناً مع كلمة التوحيد لا إله إلاَّ الله التي هي خيرُ الكلمات وأفضلُها وأجلُّها على الإطلاق، كقوله تعالى: ﴿فَاعْلَمْ أَنَّهُ لاَ إِلَهَ إِلاَّ اللهُ وَاسْتَغْفِرْ لِذَنبِكَ وَلِلمُؤْمِنِينَ وَالمُؤْمِنَاتِ﴾ ١، وقوله: ﴿أَلاَّ تَعْبُدُوا إِلاَّ اللهَ إِنَّنِي لَكُمْ مِنْهُ نَذِيرٌ وَبَشِيرٌ وَأَنِ اسْتَغْفِرُوا رَبَّكُمْ ثُمَّ تُوبُوا إِلَيْهِ﴾ ٢، وقوله: ﴿قُلْ إِنَّمَا أَنَا بَشَرٌ مِثْلُكُمْ يُوحَى إِلَيَّ أَنَّمَا إِلَهُكُمْ إِلَهٌ وَاحِدٌ فَاسْتَقِيمُوا إِلَيْهِ وَاسْتَغْفِرُوهُ﴾ ٣، وقوله: ﴿وَإِلَى عَادٍ أَخَاهُمْ هُودًا قَالَ يَا قَوْمِ اعْبُدُوا اللهَ مَا لَكُمْ مِنْ إِلَهٍ غَيْرُهُ﴾ إلى قوله: ﴿وَيَا قَوْمِ اسْتَغْفِرُوا رَبَّكُمْ ثُمَّ تُوبُوا إِلَيْهِ﴾ ٤، وكقوله ﷺ في كفَّارة المجلس: " سبحانك اللَّهمَّ وبحمدك أشهد أن لا إله إلاَّ أنت أستغفرك وأتوب إليك "٥، وكقوله ﷺ عقِب الانتهاء من الوضوء: " أشهد أن لا إله إلاَّ الله وحده لا شريك له وأشهد أنَّ محمداً عبده ورسوله، اللَّهمَّ اجعلني من التوابين واجعلني من المتطهرين "٦، وكقوله ﷺ في دعائه الذي كان يختم به الصلاةَ: " اللَّهمَّ اغفر لي ما قدَّمتُ وما أخَّرتُ، وما أسررتُ وما أعلنتُ، وما أنت أعلم به منِّي، أنت المقدِّم وأنت المؤخِّر

١ سورة محمد، الآية: (١٩) . ٢ سورة هود، الآية: (٣) . ٣ سورة فصلت، الآية: (٦) . ٤ سورة هود، الآيات: (٥٠ ـ ٥٢) . ٥ سنن أبي داود (رقم:٤٨٥٧) ، وصححه الألباني ﵀ في صحيح الجامع (٤٤٨٧) . ٦ سنن الترمذي (رقم:٥٥) ، وصححه الألباني ﵀ في الإرواء (١/١٣٤) .