Fiqh al-Adiyah wa-al-Adhkar - Abd al-Razzaq ibn Abd al-Muhsin al-Badr - (2/240)

Fiqh al-Adiyah wa-al-AdhkarAbd al-Razzaq ibn Abd al-Muhsin al-Badr

then never say to them “ugh,” nor yell at them. Rather, address them respectfully. And be humble with them out of mercy, and pray, “My Lord! Be merciful to them as they raised me when I was young.”1

Thus Allah, Glorious and Exalted, commanded kindness toward them in every form, in both word and deed. This is because they are the means by which the servant came into existence, and because the love owed to them, their rights, the kindness they have shown, and their close relationship all require that their right be especially emphasized and that they be given precedence in dutiful conduct. Of these forms of kindness, He specifically mentioned supplicating for mercy for them, whether they are alive or deceased, as a recompense for the kindness they showed.

Supplicating for one’s parents to receive mercy applies only when they are Muslims. As for a polytheist, one must not supplicate for mercy and forgiveness for him. Ibn Abbās—may Allah be pleased with him—said concerning the words of Allah, Glorified and Exalted, “And pray, ‘My Lord! Be merciful to them as they raised me when I was young’”: “This was restricted2 by the verse in Sūrat Barā’ah: ‘It is not for the Prophet and those who believe to ask forgiveness for the polytheists—even if they are close relatives—after it has become clear to them that they are the companions of Hellfire.’3”4

Muslim narrated in his Sahīh that Abū Hurayrah—may Allah be pleased with him—reported that the Messenger of Allah—may Allah bless him and grant him peace—said: “I sought my Lord’s permission to ask forgiveness for my mother, but He did not grant it. I then sought His permission to visit her grave, and He granted it.”5

1. *Sūrat al-Isrā*, verses 23–24. 2. That is, it restricted its scope. 3. *Sūrat al-Tawbah*, verse 113. 4. *Al-Adab al-Mufrad* (no. 23) and *Tafsīr al-Tabarī* (8/63). Al-Albānī—may Allah have mercy on him—graded it *hasan* (sound) in *Sahīh al-Adab al-Mufrad* (no. 3). 5. *Sahīh Muslim* (no. 671).

فَلاَ تَقُلْ لَهُمَا أُفٍّ وَلاَ تَنْهَرْهُمَا وَقُل لَهُمَا قَوْلاً كَرِيمًا وَاخْفِضْ لَهُمَا جَنَاحَ الذُّلِّ مِنَ الرَّحْمَةِ وَقُلْ رَبِّ ارْحَمْهُمَا كَمَا رَبَّيَانِي صَغِيرًا﴾ ١، فأمر جلَّ وعلاَ بالإحسان إليهما بجميع وجوه الإحسان القوليِّ والفعليِّ؛ لأنَّهما سببُ وجود العبد، ولهما من المحبة والحقوق والإحسان والقرب ما يقتضي تأكُّدَ الحق ووجوبَ التقديم في البرِّ، وخصَّ بالذِّكر من ذلك الدعاء لهما بالرحمة أحياء وأمواتاً، جزاء على إحسانهما. والدعاءُ للوالدين بالرحمة خاصٌّ فيما إذا كانا مسلمين، أما المشركُ فلا يُدعى له بالرحمة والمغفرة، قال ابنُ عباس ﵁ في قوله ﷿: ﴿وَقُلْ رَبِّ ارْحَمْهُمَا كَمَا رَبَّيَانِي صَغِيرًا﴾ : " فنسختها٢ الآيةُ التي في براءة: ﴿مَا كَانَ لِلنَّبِيِّ وَالَّذِينَ آمَنُوا أَن يَسْتَغْفِرُوا لِلْمُشْرِكِينَ وَلَوْ كَانُوا أُولِي قُرْبَى مِن بَعْدِ مَا تَبَيَّنَ لَهُمْ أَنَّهُمْ أَصْحَابُ الجَحِيمِ﴾ ٣ " ٤. وروى مسلم في صحيحه عن أبي هريرة ﵁ قال: قال رسول الله ﷺ: " استأذنتُ ربِّي أن أستغفرَ لأُمِّي فلَم يأذَنْ لي، واستأذنتُه أن أزورَ قبرَها فأَذِنَ لي "٥.

١ سورة الإسراء، الآيات: (٢٣، ٢٤) . ٢ أي: قيَّدتها. ٣ سورة التوبة، الآية: (١١٣) . ٤ الأدب المفرد (رقم:٢٣) ، وتفسير الطبري (٨/٦٣) ، وحسنه العلامة الألباني ﵀ في صحيح الأدب المفرد (رقم:٣) . ٥ صحيح مسلم (رقم:٦٧١) .