Fiqh al-Adiyah wa-al-Adhkar - Abd al-Razzaq ibn Abd al-Muhsin al-Badr - (2/165)

Fiqh al-Adiyah wa-al-AdhkarAbd al-Razzaq ibn Abd al-Muhsin al-Badr

another hadith: “O Allah, forgive me all my sins—the small and the great, the secret and the public, the first and the last.”1 Another hadith states: “O Allah, forgive me my sins, my ignorance, my excesses in my affairs, and whatever You know better than I do. O Allah, forgive what I have done in earnest and in jest, mistakenly and deliberately—for all of that is found in me.”2 Such wording occurs frequently in the transmitted supplications. Supplication is an act of servitude to Allah, an expression of utter need for Him, and a humbling of oneself before Him. The more a servant supplicates, lengthens his supplication, repeats and reiterates it, and varies its phrases, the more fully he expresses his servitude, poverty, humility, and need; the closer this brings him to his Lord and the greater his reward.

This is unlike dealing with another human being: the more you ask him and repeatedly bring your needs to him, the more you weary and burden him, and the lower you fall in his estimation. The less you ask him, the higher your standing and the dearer you become to him. But with Allah, Glorified is He, the more you ask Him, the closer and dearer you become to Him; and the more persistently you beseech Him, the more He loves you. Allah is angry with whoever does not ask Him:

“Allah grows angry if you cease asking Him,
while the son of Adam grows angry when he is asked.”3

It has been narrated in the Sunan of Abū Dāwūd and elsewhere, in a hadith from Abdullāh ibn Masūd (may Allah be pleased with him), that “the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) liked to repeat his supplication three times and seek forgiveness three times.”4 Al-Awzāī (may Allah have mercy on him) said: “It used to be said: The best supplication is to beseech Allah persistently and with humble entreaty.”5

(1) *Sahīh Muslim* (no. 483). (2) *Sahīh Muslim* (no. 2719). (3) Ibn al-Qayyim, *Jalā al-Afhām* (p. 203). (4) *Sunan Abī Dāwūd* (no. 1524); *al-Musnad* (1/394, 397). The eminent scholar al-Albānī (may Allah have mercy on him) also included it in *Da'īf al-Jāmi'* (no. 4984). (5) Narrated by al-Bayhaqī in *Shuab al-Īmān* (2/38).

الحديث الآخر: " اللَّهمَّ اغفر لي ذنبي كلَّه دقَّه وجُلَّه، سرَّه وعلانيته، أوَّلَه وآخره "١، وفي الحديث: " اللَّهمَّ اغفر لي خطيئتي وجهلي وإسرافي في أمري وما أنت أعلم به منِّي، اللَّهمَّ اغفر لي جدي وهَزلي وخطئي وعمدي وكلُّ ذلك عندي "٢، وهذا كثيرٌ في الأدعية المأثورة، فإنَّ الدعاءَ عبوديةٌ لله وافتقارٌ إليه وتذلُّلٌ بين يديه، فكلَّما كثَّره العبدُ وطوَّله وأعاده وأبداه ونوَّع جُملَه كان ذلك أبلغَ في عبوديته وإظهار فقره وتذلُّلِه وحاجته، وكان ذلك أقربَ له من ربِّه وأعظمَ لثوابه، وهذا بخلاف المخلوق، فإنَّك كلَّما كثرت سؤاله وكررت حوائجك إليه أبرمته وثقلت عليه وهنتَ عليه، وكلما تركت سؤاله كان أعظمَ عنده وأحبَّ إليه، والله سبحانه كلَّما سألته كنتَ أقربَ إليه وأحبَّ إليه، وكلَّما أَلْححت عليه في الدعاء أحبَّكَ، ومَن لَم يسأل الله يغضب عليه. فالله يغضب إن تركتَ سؤاله وبُنَيُّ آدم حين يُسأل يغضب "٣. وقد روي في سنن أبي داود وغيره من حديث عبد الله بن مسعود ﵁: " أنَّ رسول الله ﷺ كان يُعجبه أن يدعو ثلاثاً ويستغفر ثلاثا "٤، وقال الأوزاعي ﵀: " كان يُقال: أفضل الدعاء الإلحاح على الله والتضرع "٥.

١ صحيح مسلم (رقم:٤٨٣) . ٢ صحيح مسلم (رقم:٢٧١٩) . ٣ جلاء الأفهام لابن القيم (ص:٢٠٣) . ٤ سنن أبي داود (رقم:١٥٢٤) ، المسند (١/٣٩٤، ٣٩٧) ، وأورده العلاَّمة الألباني ﵀ في ضعيف الجامع (رقم:٤٩٨٤) . ٥ رواه البيهقي في شعب الإيمان (٢/٣٨) .