Fiqh al-Adiyah wa-al-AdhkarAbd al-Razzaq ibn Abd al-Muhsin al-Badr

For this reason, Allah Most High says: “So seek provision from Allah, worship Him, and be grateful to Him.” 1 “The servant cannot do without provision and is in need of it. If he seeks his provision from Allah, he becomes a servant of Allah, dependent upon Him; but if he seeks it from a created being, he becomes a servant of that created being, dependent upon him.” 2.

“The created being’s dependence upon and need for his Lord are intrinsic to him; he cannot exist without Him. Created beings differ, however, in whether they perceive this dependence or remain oblivious to it. The servant is dependent upon Allah in two respects: worship and seeking help, as Allah—Glorified is He—says: ‘You alone we worship, and You alone we ask for help.’ The servant is dependent upon Allah as the One he worships and loves with reverence and veneration. His heart can neither become sound nor prosper, nor experience joy or delight, nor find contentment, rest, or tranquility, except by worshipping his Lord and turning to Him in repentance. Even if he were to obtain everything among created things that gives him pleasure, he would find neither tranquility nor rest, for he has an intrinsic need for his Lord as the One he worships, loves, and seeks. Through this he attains joy, gladness, delight, bliss, repose, and tranquility. The servant is also dependent upon Allah for His aid in surrendering to His command, submitting to His judgment, and humbling himself before His law, for he cannot attain or uphold any of this unless Allah assists him.” 3.

There is an important principle here to which the scholars have drawn attention, namely that every living being other than Allah,

(1) Surah al-ʿAnkabūt, verse 17. (2) Ibn Taymiyya, al-ʿUbūdiyya, p. 22. (3) See Ibn Taymiyya, al-ʿUbūdiyya, p. 29; and his Majmūʿ al-Fatāwā, 14:31.
ولهذا قال الله تعالى: ﴿فَابْتَغُوا عِندَ اللهِ الرِّزْقَ وَاعْبُدُوهُ وَاشْكُرُوا لَهُ﴾ ١ " فالعبد لا بدَّ له من رزقٍ، وهو محتاجٌ إلى ذلك، فإذا طلب رزقَه من الله صار عبداً لله، فقيراً له، وإذا طلبه من مخلوق صار عبداً لذلك المخلوق فقيراً له "٢. إنَّ فقرَ المخلوق واحتياجَه لربِّه أمرٌ ذاتيٌّ له، لا وجود له بدونه، لكنَّ المخلوقين يتفاوتون في إدراك ذلك الافتقار أو العزوب عنه، والعبد فقيرٌ إلى الله من جهتين، من جهة العبادة، ومن جهة الاستعانة كما قال الله سبحانه: ﴿إِيَّاكَ نَعْبُدُ وَإِيَّاكَ نَسْتَعِينُ﴾ ، فالعبد يفتقر إلى الله من جهة أنَّه معبودُه الذي يحبُّه حبَّ إجلال وتعظيم، وقلبُه لا يصلح ولا يفلح، ولا يُسرُّ ولا يلتذُّ، ولا يطيب ولا يسكن، ولا يطمئن إلاَّ بعبادة ربِّه والإنابة إليه، ولو حصل له كلُّ ما يلتذُّ به من المخلوقات لَم يطمئن ولم يسكن، إذ فيه فقرٌ ذاتي إلى ربِّه من حيث هو معبودُه ومحبوبُه ومطلوبُه، وبهذا يحصل له الفرحُ والسرورُ واللذَّةُ والنِّعمةُ والسكونُ والطمأنينة، والعبد يفتقر إلى الله من جهة استعانته به للاستسلام لأمره، والانقياد لحكمه، والخضوع لشرعِه؛ إذ لا يقدر على تحصيل شيء من ذلك والقيام به إلاَّ إذا أعانه الله "٣. وها هنا قاعدةٌ مهمةٌ نبّه عليها أهلُ العلم، وهي أنَّ كلَّ حيٍّ سوى الله،
١ سورة العنكبوت، الآية: (١٧) . ٢ العبودية لابن تيمية (ص:٢٢) . ٣ انظر: العبودية لابن تيمية (ص:٢٩) ، ومجموع الفتاوى له (١٤/٣١) .

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