Fiqh al-Adiyah wa-al-AdhkarAbd al-Razzaq ibn Abd al-Muhsin al-Badr

Awf ibn Mālik al-Ashja'ī related: “There were seven or eight of us with the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) when he said, ‘Will you not pledge allegiance?’ We replied, ‘We have already pledged allegiance to you, O Messenger of Allah. What, then, are we to pledge to you?’ He said, ‘That you worship Allah and associate nothing with Him, perform the five prayers, obey’—and he uttered a word quietly—‘and ask people for nothing.’ Awf said, ‘Indeed, I later saw some of those men: if one of them dropped his whip, he would not ask anyone to hand it to him.’” Muslim narrated it.1 ...

Qabīsa ibn Mukhāriq al-Hilālī related: “I had undertaken a financial liability on behalf of others, so I went to the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) to ask him for assistance with it. He said, ‘Remain here until the charity funds come to us, and we will order that something be given to you from them.’ He then said, ‘O Qabīsa, asking is lawful only for one of three people: a man who has undertaken a financial liability on behalf of others, for whom asking is lawful until he obtains enough to discharge it, after which he must desist; a man whose wealth has been swept away by a calamity, for whom asking is lawful until he obtains enough to sustain himself; and a man afflicted by poverty whose condition is attested by three discerning men from among his people, who say, “So-and-so has indeed been afflicted by poverty.” Asking is lawful for him until he obtains enough to sustain himself—or, as he may have said, enough to meet his basic needs. Any asking beyond these cases, O Qabīsa, is unlawful gain; whoever takes it consumes unlawful gain.’” Muslim, Abū Dāwūd, and al-Nasā'ī narrated it.2

Refraining from asking created beings and turning instead to the Creator is always better, as Allah Most High says: “So when you have finished, strive diligently, and direct your longing to your Lord.” In the two Sahīhs, Abū Saīd al-Khudrī related: “I fell into dire need, so I went to

1. *Sahīh Muslim*, hadith no. 1043. 2. *Sahīh Muslim*, hadith no. 1044; *Sunan Abī Dāwūd*, hadith no. 1640; *Sunan al-Nasāʾī*, 5/89.
وعن عوف بن مالك الأشجعي قال: " كنَّا عند رسول الله ﷺ سبعةً أو ثمانيةً، فقال: ألا تُبايعون؟ فقلنا: قد بايعناك يا رسول الله، فعلامَ نُبايعك يا رسول الله؟ قال: على أن تعبدوا الله ولا تشركوا به شيئاً، والصلوات الخمس، وأن تُطيعوا ـ وأسرَّ كلمةً خفية ـ ولا تسألوا الناسَ شيئاً، قال: فلقد رأيتُ بعضَ أولئك النفر يسقط سوطُ أحدهم فما يسأل أحداً أن يناوله إياه " رواه مسلم١ ... وعن قبيصة بن مخارق الهلاليِّ أنَّه قال: " تحملتُ حَمالةً فأتيتُ رسول الله ﷺ أسأله فيها، فقال: أَقِم حتى تأتينا الصدقةُ فنأمرَ لك بها، ثمَّ قال: يا قبيصة إنَّ المسألةَ لا تحلُّ إلاَّ لأحدِ ثلاثة: رجلٌ تحمَّل حَمالةً فحلَّت له المسألةُ حتى يصيبها ثمَّ يمسك، ورجلٌ أصابته جائحةٌ اجتاحت مالَه فحلَّت له المسألةُ حتى يصيب قَواماً من عيش، ورجلٌ أصابته فاقةٌ حتى يقول ثلاثةٌ مِن ذوي الحِجى من قومه: لقد أصابت فلاناً فاقةٌ، فحلَّت له المسألة حتى يصيب قواماً من عيش، أو قال: سداداً، فما سواهنَّ مِن المسألة يا قبيصة فسُحْتٌ يأكلها صاحبُها سُحْتاً "، رواه مسلم وأبو داود والنسائي٢. وتركُ السؤال للمخلوق اعتياضاً بسؤال الخالق أفضلُ مطلقاً، كما قال تعالى: ﴿فَإِذَا فَرَغْتَ فَانْصَبْ وَإِلَى رَبِّكَ فَارْغَبْ﴾ وفي الصحيحين عن أبي سعيد الخدري قال: " أصابتني فاقةٌ فأتيتُ
١ صحيح مسلم (رقم:١٠٤٣) . ٢ صحيح مسلم (رقم:١٠٤٤) ، وسنن أبي داود (رقم:١٦٤٠) ، وسنن النسائي (٥/٨٩) .

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