Fiqh al-Adiyah wa-al-Adhkar - Abd al-Razzaq ibn Abd al-Muhsin al-Badr - (2/127)

Fiqh al-Adiyah wa-al-AdhkarAbd al-Razzaq ibn Abd al-Muhsin al-Badr

been a virtue, a sunnah, or even permissible, the Companions would have marked this grave as a place for doing so, supplicated there, and established that practice for those who came after them. Yet they knew Allah, His Messenger, and His religion better than those who came after them. Likewise, the Successors who followed them faithfully proceeded along this path and followed in their footsteps. There were many graves of the Companions of the Messenger of Allah—peace and blessings be upon him—throughout the various regions, while the Successors themselves were present in great numbers; yet not one of them ever sought aid at a Companion’s grave, invoked him, made supplication through him, or supplicated at his grave. It is well known that something of this nature would have generated ample interest and ample reason for it to be transmitted—indeed, even matters of lesser consequence were transmitted. Yet not a single word has been reported from them stating that they did any such thing.

It must therefore be asked: If this practice were prescribed and constituted a sunnah, how could it have remained unknown to the Companions, the Successors, and their followers, both in knowledge and in practice? How could the three favored generations have been ignorant of it despite their eagerness for every good? This makes it clear that this practice is neither part of Allah’s religion nor part of His revealed law. Allah says: “Or do they have partners who have prescribed for them a religion which Allah has not authorized?” 1 If Allah did not prescribe it, then whoever prescribes it has prescribed as religion something that Allah has not authorized. Allah Most High also says: “Say: My Lord has only forbidden indecencies, whether open or hidden, sin, transgression without right, associating with Allah that for which He has sent down no authority, and saying about Allah what you do not know.” 2.

The scholars of Islam and the leading authorities of the religion have set forth the prescribed supplications derived from the Book and the Sunnah, together with their prescribed limits and duly observed regulations, and they completely refrained

(1) Sūrat al-Shūrā, verse 21. (2) Sūrat al-Aʿrāf, verse 33.

فضيلةً وسنةً أو مباحاً لَنَصَبَ الصحابةُ هذا القبرَ عَلَماً لذلك، ودعوا عنده، وسنوا ذلك لِمَن بعدهم، ولكن كانوا أعلمَ بالله ورسولِه ودينِه مِمَّن جاء بعدهم، وكذلك التابعون لهم بإحسانٍ ساروا على هذا السبيل واقتفوا تلك الآثار، وقد كان عندهم من قبور أصحاب رسول الله ﷺ بالأمصار عددٌ كثير وهم متوافرون فما منهم مَن استغاث عند قبرِ صاحب ولا دعاه ولا دعا به ولا دعا عنده، ومن المعلوم أنَّ مثلَ هذا ممَّا تتوافر الهِممُ والدواعي على نقله، بل على نقل ما هو دونَه، ولم ينقل عنهم في فعل شيء من ذلك حرفٌ واحد، وحينئذ يُقال إن كان هذا الأمرُ مشروعاً وسنةً فكيف يخفى علماً وعملاً على الصحابة والتابعين وتابعيهم، وكيف تكون القرونُ الثلاثةُ المفضَّلةُ جاهلةً به مع حرصهم على كلِّ خير، وبهذا يتبيَّنُ أنَّ هذا الأمرَ ليس من دين الله ولا من شرعه، والله يقول: ﴿أَمْ لَهُمْ شُرَكَآءُ شَرَعُوا لَهُمْ مِنَ الدِّينِ مَا لَمْ يَأْذَن بِهِ اللهُ﴾ ١، فإذا لَم يشرع اللهُ ذلك فمَن شرعه فقد شرع من الدِّين ما لَم يأذن به الله، وقد قال الله تعالى: ﴿قُلْ إنَّمَا حَرَّمَ رَبِّيَ الفَوَاحِشَ مَا ظَهَرَ مِنْهَا وَمَا بَطَنَ وَالإِثْمَ وَالبَغْيَ بِغَيْرِ الحَقِّ وَأَن تُشْرِكُوا بِاللهِ مَا لَمْ يُنَزِّلْ بِهِ سُلْطَانًا وَأَن تَقُولُوا عَلَى اللهِ مَا لاَ تَعْلَمُونَ﴾ ٢. لقد ذكر علماءُ الإسلام وأئمَّةُ الدِّين الأدعيةَ الشرعيةَ المأخوذةَ من الكتاب والسنةِ بحدودها الشرعيةِ وضوابِطها المرعيةِ، وأعرضوا تمام

١ سورة الشورى، الآية: (٢١) . ٢ سورة الأعراف، الآية: (٣٣) .