Fiqh al-Adiyah wa-al-Adhkar - Abd al-Razzaq ibn Abd al-Muhsin al-Badr - (1/276)

Fiqh al-Adiyah wa-al-AdhkarAbd al-Razzaq ibn Abd al-Muhsin al-Badr

and the limbs: “Through the heart, it takes the form of humility and submission [and love]; through the tongue, of praise and acknowledgment; and through the limbs, of obedience and compliance.”1

In his book Gratitude, Ibn Abī al-Dunyā relates that a man asked Abū Hāzim Salama ibn Dīnār, “How do the eyes show gratitude, Abū Hāzim?” He replied, “If you see good with them, make it known; and if you see evil with them, conceal it.” The man asked, “How do the ears show gratitude?” He replied, “If you hear good with them, retain it; and if you hear evil with them, ward it off.” He asked, “How do the hands show gratitude?” He replied, “Do not take with them what they have no right to take, and do not withhold any right of Allah, Mighty and Majestic, that is due through them.” He asked, “How does the stomach show gratitude?” He replied, “Its lower part should contain food and its upper part knowledge.” He asked, “How do the private parts show gratitude?” He replied, “As Allah, Mighty and Majestic, says: ‘Those who guard their chastity, except with their wives or those whom their right hands possess, for then they are free from blame; but whoever seeks beyond that—it is they who are the transgressors.’ 2” He asked, “How do the feet show gratitude?” He replied, “If you see a deceased person whose deeds you admire, use them to perform the deeds he performed; and if you see a deceased person whom you detest, restrain them from his deeds. You will thereby be grateful to Allah, Mighty and Majestic. As for one who gives thanks with his tongue but not with all his limbs, he is like a man who owns a cloak but merely takes hold of one edge without putting it on; it will not protect him from heat, cold, snow, or rain.”3

Allah’s blessings upon His servant—in his tongue, hand, foot, and entire body—cannot be counted, and each requires gratitude to the One who bestowed it. Abd al-Rahmān ibn Zayd ibn Aslam—may Allah have mercy on him—said: “Gratitude encompasses praise in its entirety—its root and its branches. Let him therefore consider

1. Ibn al-Qayyim, *Madārij al-Sālikīn*, 2:246. 2. Surah al-Mu’minūn, verses 5–7, and Surah al-Ma‘ārij, verses 29–31. 3. Ibn Abī al-Dunyā, *al-Shukr*, no. 129.

والجوارح، "يكون بالقلب خضوعاً واستكانةً [ومحبّة] ، وباللسان ثناءً واعترافاً، وبالجوارح طاعةً وانقياداً"١. روى ابن أبي الدنيا في كتابه الشكر أنَّ رجلاً قال لأبي حازم سلمةَ ابن دينار: "ما شكرُ العينين يا أبا حازم؟ قال: إن رأيت بهما خيراً أعلنته، وإن رأيت بهما شراًّ سترته، قال: فما شكر الأذنين؟ قال: إن سمعت بهما خيراً وعيته، وإن سمعت بهما شراًّ دفعته، قال: ما شكر اليدين؟ قال: لا تأخذ بهما ما ليس لهما، ولا تمنع حقاًّ لله ﷿ هو فيهما، قال: فما شكر البطن؟ قال: أن يكون أسفلُه طعاماً وأعلاه علماً، قال: ما شكر الفرج؟ قال: كما قال الله ﷿: ﴿وَالَّذِينَ هُمْ لِفُرُوجِهِمْ حَافِظُونَ إِلاَّ عَلَى أَزْوَاجِهِمْ أَوْ مَا مَلَكَتْ أَيْمَانُهُمْ فَإِنَّهُمْ غَيْرُ مَلُومِينَ فَمَنِ ابْتَغَى وَرَآءَ ذَلِكَ فَأُولَئِكَ هُمُ العَادُونَ﴾ ٢، قال: فما شكر الرجلين؟ قال: إذا رأيت ميتاً غبطته استعملت بهما عمله، وإن رأيت ميتاً مقتّه كمقتهما عن عمله وأنت شاكرٌ لله ﷿، فأما من شكر بلسانه ولم يشكر بجميع أعضائه فمثله كمثل رجلٍ له كساءٌ فأخذ بطرفه ولم يلبسه، فلم ينفعه ذلك من الحر والبرد والثلج والمطر"٣. إنَّ نعمة الله على عبده في لسانه ويده وقدمه وجميع بدنه لا يمكن أن تحصى، وكلُّها تستوجب شكرَ المنعم بها، قال عبد الرحمن بن زيد ابن أسلم ﵀: "الشكر يأخذ بحزم الحمد وأصله وفرعه، فلينظر

١ مدارج السالكين لابن القيم (٢/٢٤٦) . ٢ سورة المؤمنون، الآية (٥ ـ ٧) ، وسورة المعارج، الآية (٢٩ ـ ٣١) . ٣ الشكر لابن أبي الدنيا (رقم:١٢٩) .