Fiqh al-Adiyah wa-al-Adhkar - Abd al-Razzaq ibn Abd al-Muhsin al-Badr - (1/197)

Fiqh al-Adiyah wa-al-AdhkarAbd al-Razzaq ibn Abd al-Muhsin al-Badr

pronominally, over the declaration of monotheism, “There is no deity worthy of worship except Allah,” which the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, described as the finest remembrance and the best words uttered by him—peace and blessings be upon him—and the prophets before him. Some of the hadiths establishing this have already been discussed. Moreover, remembering the isolated name, whether explicitly or pronominally, is sanctioned neither in the Quran nor in the sunnah, nor has it been transmitted from any of the early generations of the Muslim community. It was merely taken up and repeated by some misguided later people without any proof or evidence.

Shaykh al-Islām Ibn Taymiyya, may Allah have mercy on him, refuted the claims advanced by these people concerning this innovated form of remembrance and demonstrated the unsoundness of the arguments to which they might appeal in support of it. He said, may Allah have mercy on him:

“Some writers on the spiritual path may extol this practice, citing sometimes an ecstatic experience, sometimes personal opinion, and sometimes a fabricated report. Some of them relate, for example, that the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, instructed Ali ibn Abī Tālib to say, ‘Allah, Allah, Allah.’ The Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, first said it three times and then instructed Ali, who likewise said it three times. By the consensus of hadith scholars, this is a fabricated hadith. The Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, instructed only in the forms of remembrance transmitted from him, foremost among which is ‘There is no deity worthy of worship except Allah.’ This was the declaration he urged his uncle Abū Tālib to make as death approached, saying, ‘Uncle, say: “There is no deity worthy of worship except Allah”—a declaration with which I may plead on your behalf before Allah.’ He also said, ‘I know of a declaration that no servant utters at the time of death without his soul finding relief in it.’ He said, ‘Whoever’s final words are “There is no deity worthy of worship except Allah” will enter Paradise.’ He also said, ‘I have been commanded to fight the people until they testify that there is no deity worthy of worship except Allah and that Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah. If they do so, their lives and property are protected from me, except where a right is due, and their reckoning rests with Allah.’ There are many hadiths conveying this meaning.”

مضمرًا على كلمة التوحيد لا إله إلا الله التي وصفها رسول الله ﷺ بأنَّها أفضلُ الذِّكر، وأنَّها أفضلُ ما قاله ﵊ هو والنبيّون من قبله، وقد سبق أن مرَّ معنا بعضُ الأحاديث الدالة على ذلك، هذا مع أنَّ ذِكر الاسم المفرد مظهرًا أو ذِكره مضمرًا ليس بمشروع في الكتاب ولا في السنة، ولا هو مأثورٌ عن أحدٍ من سلف الأمة، وإنَّما لهَج به قوم من ضلاّل المتأخرين بلا حجة ولا برهان. وقد فنَّد شيخ الإسلام ابن تيمية ﵀ دعاوى هؤلاء في ذكرهم المحدث هذا، وبَيَّن فساد ما قد يتشبّثون به لنصرته وتقريره، قال ﵀: "وربما ذكر بعض المصنفين في الطريق تعظيم ذلك واستدل عليه تارةً بوَجدٍ، وتارةً برأيٍ، وتارةً بنقلٍ مكذوبٍ، كما يروي بعضُهم أنَّ النبي ﷺ لقّن عليَّ بن أبي طالب أن يقول: "الله، الله، الله، فقالها النبي ﷺ ثلاثاً ثم أمر عليّاً فقالها ثلاثاً"، وهذا حديثٌ موضوعٌ باتفاق أهل العلم بالحديث، وإنَّما كان تلقين النبي ﷺ للذِّكر المأثور عنه، ورأس الذكر لا إله إلا الله، وهي الكلمة التي عرضها على عمِّه أبي طالب حين الموت، وقال: "يا عم، قل لا إله إلا الله، كلمةً أحاجُّ لك بها عند الله"، وقال: "إنِّي لأعلمُ كلمةً لا يقولها عبدٌ عند الموت إلا وجد روحُه لها رَوْحاً"، وقال: "من كان آخر كلامه لا إله إلا الله دخل الجنة"، وقال: "أُمرتُ أن أقاتل الناس حتى يشهدوا أن لا إله إلا الله وأنَّ محمدًا رسول الله، فإذا فعلوا ذلك عصموا مني دمائهم وأموالهم إلا بحقِّها وحسابهم على الله"، والأحاديثُ كثيرةٌ في هذا المعنى.