Fiqh al-Adiyah wa-al-Adhkar - Abd al-Razzaq ibn Abd al-Muhsin al-Badr - (1/188)

Fiqh al-Adiyah wa-al-AdhkarAbd al-Razzaq ibn Abd al-Muhsin al-Badr

both negation and affirmation. It negates divinity from everything other than Allah Most High. Everything other than Allah—including the angels and prophets, let alone anyone else—is not a deity and has no right to any worship. It affirms divinity for Allah alone, meaning that the servant worships none but Him and directs no form of worshipful devotion to anyone else. Such devotion is an attachment of the heart that necessarily leads one to direct some form of worship toward its object, such as supplication, sacrifice, vows, and other acts.

Many passages in the Quran explain the meaning and intended import of the declaration of monotheism, “There is no deity worthy of worship except Allah.” Among them is the statement of Allah Most High:

“Your God is One God. There is no deity worthy of worship except Him—the Most Compassionate, the Most Merciful.” 1

And His statement:

“They were commanded only to worship Allah, devoting their religion sincerely to Him and remaining upright.” 2

And His statement:

“When Abraham said to his father and his people, ‘I utterly disavow what you worship, except the One who created me, for He will surely guide me.’ He made it an enduring declaration among his descendants, so that they might return.” 3

Allah Most High also says, recounting the words of the believer in Surah Yā Sīn:

“Why should I not worship the One who created me, when to Him you will all be returned? Should I take gods besides Him? If the Most Compassionate intends harm for me, their intercession will be of no benefit to me whatsoever, nor will they be able to save me. I would then clearly be astray.” 4

Allah Most High also says:

“Say, ‘I have been commanded to worship Allah, devoting my religion sincerely to Him, and I have been commanded to be the first of the Muslims.’ Say, ‘If I disobey my Lord, I fear the punishment of a tremendous Day.’ Say, ‘It is Allah whom I worship, devoting my religion sincerely to Him.’” 5

And Allah Most High says, recounting the words of a believer from the household of

(1) Surah al-Baqara, verse 163. (2) Surah al-Bayyina, verse 5. (3) Surah al-Zukhruf, verses 26–28. (4) Surah Yā Sīn, verses 22–24. (5) Surah al-Zumar, verses 11–14.

على نفي وإثبات، فنفت الإلهية عن كلِّ ما سوى الله تعالى، فكلُّ ما سوى الله من الملائكة والأنبياء فضلاً عن غيرهم فليس بإله، وليس له من العبادة شيء، وأثبتت الإلهية لله وحده، بمعنى أنَّ العبد لا يأْلَهُ غيرَه، أي لا يقصده بشيء من التألّه، وهو تعلّق القلب الذي يوجب قصده بشيء من أنواع العبادة كالدعاء والذبح والنذر وغير ذلك. وقد جاء في القرآن الكريم نصوصٌ كثيرةٌ تُبيّنُ معنى كلمة التوحيد لا إله إلا الله، وتوضح المراد بها، ومن ذلك قول الله تعالى: ﴿وَإِلَهُكُمْ إِلَهٌ وَاحِدٌ لاَ إِلَهَ إِلاَّ هُوَ الرَّحْمَنُ الرَّحِيمُ﴾ ١، وقوله تعالى: ﴿وَمَا أُمِرُوا إِلاَّ لِيَعْبُدُوا اللهَ مُخْلِصِينَ لَهُ الدِّينَ حُنَفَاءَ﴾ ٢، وقوله تعالى: ﴿وَإِذْ قَالَ إِبْرَاهِيمُ لأَبِيهِ وَقَوْمِهِ إِنَّنِي بَرَآءٌ مِمَّا تَعْبُدُونَ إِلاَّ الَّذِي فَطَرَنِي فَإِنَّهُ سَيَهْدِينِ وَجَعَلَهَا كَلِمَةً بَاقِيَةً فِي عَقِبِهِ لَعَلَّهُمْ يَرْجِعُونَ﴾ ٣، وقال تعالى حكاية عن مؤمن يس~: ﴿وَمَا لِي لاَ أَعْبُدُ الَّذِي فَطَرَنِي وَإِلَيْهِ تُرْجَعُونَ أَأَتَّخِذُ مِن دُونِهِ آلِهَةً إِن يُرِدْنِ الرَّحْمَنُ بِضُرٍّ لاَ تُغْنِ عَنِّي شَفَاعَتُهُمْ شَيْئاً وَلاَ يُنقِذُونِ إِنِّي إِذاً لَفِي ضَلاَلٍ مُبِينٍ﴾ ٤، وقال تعالى: ﴿قُلْ إِنِّي أُمِرْتُ أَنْ أَعْبُدَ اللهَ مُخْلِصاً لَهُ الدِّينَ وَأُمِرْتُ لأَنْ أَكُونَ أَوَّلَ المُسْلِمِينَ قُلْ إِنِّي أَخَافُ إِنْ عَصَيْتُ رَبِّي عَذَابَ يَوْمٍ عَظِيمٍ قُلِ اللهَ أَعْبُدُ مُخْلِصاً لَهُ دِينِي﴾ ٥، وقال تعالى حكاية عن مؤمن آل

١ سورة البقرة، الآية: (١٦٣) . ٢ سورة البينة، الآية: (٥) . ٣ سورة الزخرف، الآية: (٢٦ ـ ٢٨) . ٤ سورة يس، الآية: (٢٢ ـ ٢٤) . ٥ سورة الزمر، الآية: (١١ ـ ١٤) .