Fiqh al-Adiyah wa-al-Adhkar - Abd al-Razzaq ibn Abd al-Muhsin al-Badr - (1/187)

Fiqh al-Adiyah wa-al-AdhkarAbd al-Razzaq ibn Abd al-Muhsin al-Badr

seeking aid, placing one’s trust, turning in repentance, hope, fear, love, and the like. Whoever directs to anyone other than Allah any act of worship that is due to Allah alone has associated partners with Allah Almighty, even if he utters, “There is no deity worthy of worship except Allah,” for he has not acted upon the monotheism and sincere devotion it requires, which are the meaning and import of this great declaration1.

Indeed, “There is no deity worthy of worship except Allah” means: There is no true object of worship except the one God—Allah alone, who has no partner. Linguistically, a deity is an object of worship. Thus, “There is no deity worthy of worship except Allah” means that none is rightfully worshipped except Allah. Allah Most High says:

“We never sent any messenger before you without revealing to him: ‘There is no deity worthy of worship except Me, so worship Me.’” 2

He also says:

“We certainly sent a messenger to every nation, saying: ‘Worship Allah and shun false gods.’” 3

This makes it clear that a deity is an object of worship, and that “There is no deity worthy of worship except Allah” means devoting worship exclusively to Allah alone and refraining from the worship of false gods. Hence, when the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said to the disbelievers of Quraysh, “Say: ‘There is no deity worthy of worship except Allah,’” they replied:

“Has he made all the gods into one God? This is truly an astonishing thing!” 4

Likewise, when the prophet Hud told his people, “Say: ‘There is no deity worthy of worship except Allah,’” they replied:

“Have you come to us so that we should worship Allah alone and forsake what our forefathers worshipped?” 5

They said this even though all he had called them to was “There is no deity worthy of worship except Allah,” because they understood that it meant denying divinity to everything other than Allah and affirming it for Allah alone, who has no partner. Thus, “There is no deity worthy of worship except Allah” comprises

(1) See: *Taysīr al-Azīz al-Hamīd*, p. 78. (2) Surah al-Anbiyā, verse 25. (3) Surah al-Nahl, verse 36. (4) Surah Sād, verse 5. (5) Surah al-Arāf, verse 70.

والاستغاثة، والتوكل، والإنابة، والرجاء، والخوف والمحبة، ونحو ذلك، فمن صرفَ مما لا يصلحُ إلا لله من العبادات لغير الله فهو مشرك بالله العظيم ولو نطق بلا إله إلا الله؛ إذ لم يعمل بما تقتضيه من التوحيد والإخلاص الذي هو معنى ومدلول هذه الكلمة العظيمة١. فإنَّ لا إله إلا الله معناها: لا معبود حق إلا إله واحد، وهو الله وحده لا شريك له، والإله في اللغة هو المعبود، ولا إله إلا الله: أي لا معبود حق إلا الله كما قال تعالى: ﴿وَمَا أَرْسَلْنَا مِن قَبْلِكَ مِن رَسُولٍ إِلاَّ نُوحِي إِلَيْهِ أَنَّهُ لاَ إِلَهَ إِلاَّ أَنَا فَاعْبُدُونِ﴾ ٢ مع قوله تعالى: ﴿وَلَقَدْ بَعَثْنَا فِي كُلِّ أُمَّةٍ رَسُولاً أَنِ اعْبُدُوا اللهَ وَاجْتَنِبُوا الطَّاغُوتَ﴾ ٣، فتبيّن بذلك أنَّ معنى الإله هو المعبود، وأنَّ لا إله إلا الله معناها إخلاص العبادة لله وحده واجتناب عبادة الطاغوت، ولهذا لما قال النبي ﷺ لكفار قريش: قولوا: لا إله إلا الله قالوا: ﴿أَجَعَلَ الآلِهَةَ إِلَهً وَاحِداً إِنَّ هَذَا لَشَيْءٌ عُجَابٌ﴾ ٤، وقال قومُ هودٍ لنبيّهم لما قال لهم: قولوا: لا إله إلا الله، قالوا: ﴿أَجِئْتَنَا لِنَعْبُدَ اللهَ وَحْدَهُ وَنَذَرَ مَا كَانَ يَعْبُدُ آبَاؤُنَا﴾ ٥، قالوا ذلك وهو إنَّما دعاهم إلى لا إله إلا الله؛ لأنَّهم فهموا أنَّ المراد بها نفي الألوهية عن كلِّ من سوى الله وإثباتُها لله وحده لا شريك له، فـ لا إله إلا الله اشتملت

١ انظر: تيسير العزيز الحميد (ص:٧٨) . ٢ سورة الأنبياء، الآية: (٢٥) . ٣ سورة النحل، الآية: (٣٦) . ٤ سورة ص، الآية: (٥) . ٥ سورة الأعراف، الآية: (٧٠) .