Fiqh al-Adiyah wa-al-Adhkar - Abd al-Razzaq ibn Abd al-Muhsin al-Badr - (1/183)

Fiqh al-Adiyah wa-al-AdhkarAbd al-Razzaq ibn Abd al-Muhsin al-Badr

to say, ‘We believe,’ without being tested? We certainly tested those before them, so Allah will surely make evident those who are truthful and will surely make evident the liars.”1

It is authentically reported in the two Sahīhs from Muādh ibn Jabal—may Allah be pleased with him—that the Prophet—peace and blessings be upon him—said: “No one bears witness that there is no deity worthy of worship except Allah and that Muhammad is His servant and Messenger, truthfully from his heart, except that Allah will forbid him to the Fire.”2 Thus, he stipulated truthfulness as a condition.

— The fifth condition is love, which excludes hatred and aversion. This means that the person who utters this testimony must love Allah, His Messenger, the religion of Islam, and those Muslims who uphold Allah’s commands and abide by His limits. He must also hate whoever opposes the declaration that there is no deity worthy of worship except Allah and commits that which contradicts it, whether associating partners with Allah or disbelief. Among the proofs that love is a condition of faith is the saying of Allah Most High: “Among the people are those who take others besides Allah as rivals, loving them as they love Allah; but those who believe are stronger in their love for Allah.”3 The hadith states: “The firmest bond of faith is love for Allah’s sake and hatred for Allah’s sake.”4

— The sixth condition is acceptance, which excludes rejection. This declaration must be truly accepted by both the heart and the tongue. In the Noble Quran, Allah has related to us the accounts of earlier peoples, telling how He saved those who accepted the declaration that there is no deity worthy of worship except Allah, and how He took vengeance upon and destroyed those who rejected it and refused to accept it. Allah Most High says: “Then We will save Our messengers and those who believe. Thus, it is incumbent upon Us to save the believers.”5 And He—Glorified is He—says concerning the polytheists:

(1) Surah al-ʿAnkabūt, verses 1–3. (2) Sahih al-Bukhārī, no. 128; Sahih Muslim, no. 32. (3) Surah al-Baqara, verse 165. (4) Musnad al-Imām Ahmad, 4/286; graded hasan by the eminent scholar al-Albānī in al-Sahīha, no. 1728.

أَن يَقُولُوا آمَنَّا وَهُمْ لاَ يُفْتَنُونَ وَلَقَدْ فَتَنَّا الَّذِينَ مِن قَبْلِهِمْ فَلَيَعْلَمَنَّ اللهُ الَّذِينَ صَدَقُوا وَلَيَعْلَمَنَّ الكَاذِبِينَ﴾ ١، وثبت في الصحيحين عن معاذ بن جبل ﵁، عن النبي ﷺ قال: " ما من أحد يشهد أن لا إله إلا الله وأنَّ محمداً عبده ورسوله صادقاً من قلبه إلا حرّمه الله على النار"٢، فاشترط الصدق. ـ الشرط الخامس: المحبَّة المنافية للبغض والكره، وذلك بأن يحب قائلُها اللهَ ورسولَه ودينَ الإسلام والمسلمين القائمين بأوامر الله الواقفين عند حدوده، وأن يُبغض من خالف لا إله إلا الله وأتى بما يُناقضها من شرك وكفر، وممّا يدل على اشتراط المحبة في الإيمان قول الله تعالى: ﴿وَمِنَ النَّاسِ مَن يَتَّخِذُ مِن دُونِ اللهِ أَندَاداً يُحِبُّونَهُمْ كَحُبِّ اللهِ وَالَّذِينَ آمَنُوا أَشَدُّ حُباًّ للهِ﴾ ٣، وفي الحديث: "أوثق عُرى الإيمان الحب في الله والبغض في الله"٤. ـ والشرط السادس: القبول المنافي للردّ، فلا بدّ من قبول هذه الكلمة قبولاً حقاً بالقلب واللسان، وقد قصّ الله علينا في القرآن الكريم أنباء من سبق ممّن أنجاهم لقبولهم لا إله إلا الله، وانتقامه وإهلاكه لمن ردّها ولم يقبلها، قال تعالى: ﴿ثُمَّ نُنَجِّي رُسُلَنَا وَالَّذِينَ آمَنُوا كَذَلِكَ حَقاًّ عَلَيْنَا نُنجِ المُؤْمِنِينَ﴾ ٥، وقال سبحانه في شأن المشركين:

١ سورة العنكبوت، الآية: (١ ـ ٣) . ٢ صحيح البخاري (رقم:١٢٨) ، وصحيح مسلم (رقم:٣٢) . ٣ سورة البقرة، الآية: (١٦٥) . ٤ مسند الإمام أحمد (٤/٢٨٦) ، وحسّنه العلاّمة الألباني في الصحيحة (رقم:١٧٢٨) .