Fiqh al-Adiyah wa-al-Adhkar - Abd al-Razzaq ibn Abd al-Muhsin al-Badr - (1/141)

Fiqh al-Adiyah wa-al-AdhkarAbd al-Razzaq ibn Abd al-Muhsin al-Badr

great and perfect attributes befitting Allah’s majesty and beauty—to the attributes of created beings. Allah is exalted far above what those who liken Him to His creation say. Allah says, “There is nothing like Him, and He is the All-Hearing, the All-Seeing.”1 He also says, “Do you know of anyone equal to Him?”2 Thus, Allah has no equal, likeness, or peer. He resembles nothing in His creation, and nothing in His creation resembles Him. As Imam Ahmad—may Allah have mercy on him—said, one who likens Allah to His creation is someone who says, “Allah’s Hand is like my hand, His hearing is like my hearing, and His sight is like my sight. Allah is exalted above that.”3 By contrast, whoever affirms Allah’s Names and attributes in a manner befitting His majesty and perfection is entirely free of likening Him to His creation and of negating His attributes.

These, then, are the four forms of deviation concerning Allah’s Most Beautiful Names. Groups of people who uphold falsehood have fallen into each of them. May Allah protect us and you, and, through His grace and generosity, preserve us and you from every form of misguidance and falsehood. Allah has kept the followers and heirs of His messengers who uphold the Sunnah entirely free of all this. They described Allah only as He described Himself and as His Prophet—may Allah bless him and grant him peace—described Him. They neither denied His attributes nor likened them to the attributes of His creation, nor did they turn them away from what was revealed, either in wording or in meaning. Rather, they affirmed His Names and attributes while denying that He resembles created beings. Their affirmation was therefore free of likening, and their declaration of His transcendence was free of negation. As He says, “There is nothing like Him, and He is the All-Hearing, the All-Seeing.”

With this noble verse, we conclude the discussion here, praising Allah and extolling Him as He deserves and as He has extolled Himself—with abundant, wholesome, and blessed praise, as our Lord loves and is pleased with.

(1) Sūrat al-Shūrā, verse 11. (2) Sūrat Maryam, verse 65. (3) See Ibn Taymiyya, *Naqd al-Taʾsīs*, 1:476.

عظيمةٍ كاملةٍ تليق بجلال الله وجماله بصفات المخلوقين، تعالى الله عما يقول المشبّهون علوًّا كبيرًا، والله يقول: ﴿لَيْسَ كَمِثْلِهِ شَيْءٌ وَهُوَ السَّمِيعُ البَصِيرُ﴾ ١، ويقول سبحانه: ﴿هَلْ تَعْلَمُ لَهُ سَمِياًّ﴾ ٢، فالله سبحانه لا سميّ له ولا شبيه ولا مثيل، فهو سبحانه لا يشبه شيئاً من خلقه، ولا يشبهه شيء من خلقه، والمشَبِّه كما يقول الإمام أحمد ﵀ هو الذي يقول: "يد الله كيَدِي، وسمعه كسمعي، وبصره كبصري تعالى الله عن ذلك"٣، أما من يُثبت أسماء الله وصفاته على وجه يليق بجلال الله وكماله فهو بريء من التشبيه، وسالم من التعطيل. فهذه أنواعٌ أربعةٌ للإلحاد في أسماء الله الحسنى، وقد وقع في كل منها جماعات من المبطلين حَمَانا الله وإياكم، وَوَقَانا ووقاكم بمنّه وكرمه من كل ضلال وباطل، وقد برّأ الله أتباع رسله وورثته القائمين بسنته من ذلك كلِّه فلم يصفوا الله إلا بما وصف به نفسه ووصفه به نبيّه ﷺ، ولم يجحدوا صفاته، ولم يشبّهوها بصفات خلقه، ولم يعدلوا بها عما أنزلت عليه لا لفظاً ولا معنى، بل أثبتوا له الأسماء والصفات، ونفوا عنه مشابهة المخلوقات، فكان إثباتُهم برياً من التشبيه، وتنزيهُهم خليّا من التعطيل، كما قال سبحانه: ﴿لَيْسَ كَمِثْلِهِ شَيْءٌ وَهُوَ السَّمِيعُ البَصِيرُ﴾ . وبهذه الآية الكريمة نختم الحديث هنا حامدين لله، مُثنين عليه بما هو أهله، وبما أثنى به على نفسه، حمداً كثيراً طيّباً مباركاً فيه كما يحب ربنا ويرضى.

١ سورة الشورى، الآية: (١١) . ٢ سورة مريم، الآية: (٦٥) . ٣ انظر: نقض التأسيس لابن تيمية (١/٤٧٦) .