Fiqh al-Adiyah wa-al-Adhkar - Abd al-Razzaq ibn Abd al-Muhsin al-Badr - (1/131)

Fiqh al-Adiyah wa-al-AdhkarAbd al-Razzaq ibn Abd al-Muhsin al-Badr

For this reason, the doctrine of Ahl al-Sunnah wa-l-Jamāah in this matter rests upon two great principles and two firm foundations: affirming Allah’s attributes without likening them to those of creation, and declaring Him transcendent without negating those attributes. Thus, they do not liken Allah’s attributes to those of His creation, just as they do not liken His Essence—glory be to Him—to their own beings. Nor do they deny the attributes of His perfection and the qualities of His majesty established in His Book and in the sunnah of His Messenger—peace and blessings be upon him. Rather, they believe that nothing is like Him and that He is the All-Hearing, the All-Seeing.

Every Muslim is duty-bound in this momentous matter to adhere to the texts of the Quran and the sunnah without addition or omission. Rather, he must believe in everything stated in them, neither distorting Allah’s words from their proper meanings, nor deviating with respect to His names and signs, nor assigning a modality to His attributes, nor likening any of His attributes to any attribute of His creation. For He—glory be to Him—has no peer, equal, or rival, nor may He be compared by analogy to His creation. He—glory be to Him—knows Himself and all else best; none is truer in speech or more excellent in discourse than He. Likewise, His messengers who informed people about Him through these attributes are truthful and confirmed as such, unlike those who speak about Allah without knowledge. Hence Allah—glory be to Him—said: “Glory be to your Lord—the Lord of Might—above what they ascribe to Him! Peace be upon the messengers, and all praise belongs to Allah, Lord of all worlds.”1 He thereby declares Himself far above what those who oppose the messengers ascribe to Him, and pronounces peace upon the messengers because their words are free of deficiency and fault. For this reason, Ahl al-Sunnah wa-l-Jamāah, who follow Muhammad, Abraham, Moses, Jesus, and the other messengers of Allah—may Allah’s blessings and peace be upon them—affirm the attributes of perfection and majestic qualities that Allah’s messengers affirmed for their Lord, such as Allah’s speaking to His servants, His love for them, His mercy toward them, and His being high above them,

(1) Surah al-Sāffāt, verses 180–183.

ولهذا فإنَّ مذهب أهل السنة والجماعة يقوم في هذا الباب على أصلين عظيمين وأساسين متينين، هما: الإثبات بلا تمثيل، والتنزيه بلا تعطيل، فلا يُمثِّلون صفات الله بصفات خلقه، كما لا يُمثِّلون ذاته سبحانه بذواتهم، ولا ينفون عنه صفات كماله ونعوت جلاله الثابتة في كتابه وسنة رسوله ﷺ، بل يؤمنون بأنَّ الله ليس كمثله شيء وهو السميع البصير. والواجب على كلِّ مسلم في هذا الباب العظيم أن يقف مع نصوص الكتاب والسنة دون زيادة أو نقصان، بل يؤمن بما ورد فيهما، ولا يحرِّف كلام الله عن مواضعه، ولا يُلحد في أسمائه وآياته، ولا يُكيّف صفاته، ولا يمثل شيئاً بشيءٍ من صفات خلقه؛ لأنَّ سبحانه لا سَمِيَّ له ولا كفؤ ولا نِدّ، ولا يُقاس بخلقه، وهو سبحانه أعلم بنفسه وبغيره، وأصدق قيلاً، وأحسن حديثاً من خلقه، وكذلك رسله الذين أخبروا عنه بتلك الصفات صادقون مصدوقون بخلاف الذين يقولون على الله ما لا يعلمون، ولهذا قال الله سبحانه: ﴿سُبْحَانَ رَبِّكَ رَبِّ العِزَّةِ عَمَّا يَصِفُونَ، وَسَلاَمٌ عَلَى المُرْسَلِينَ، وَالحَمْدُ للهِ رَبِّ العَالَمِينَ﴾ ١، فسبَّح نفسه عما وصفه به المخالفون للرسل، وسلّم على المرسلين، لسلامة ما قالوه من النقص والعيب؛ ولهذا فإنَّ أهل السنة والجماعة المتَّبِعين لمحمّد وإبراهيم وموسى وعيسى وغيرهم من رسل الله عليهم صلوات الله وسلامه، يُثبتون ما أثبته رسل الله لربهم من صفات الكمال ونعوت الجلال، كتكليم الله لعباده ومحبّته لهم، ورحمته بهم، وعُلوِّه عليهم،

١ سورة الصافات، الآيات: (١٨٠ ـ ١٨٣) .