Fiqh al-Adiyah wa-al-Adhkar - Abd al-Razzaq ibn Abd al-Muhsin al-Badr - (1/125)

Fiqh al-Adiyah wa-al-AdhkarAbd al-Razzaq ibn Abd al-Muhsin al-Badr

good for them and removes harm from them—not to secure any benefit from the servant or ward off any harm from Himself, but solely out of His mercy and beneficence. Glory be to Him, He did not create His creatures to gain numbers through them out of any lack, nor to gain might through them out of any humiliation; nor did He create them to provide for Him, benefit Him, or ward anything off from Him. Allah Most High says: “I did not create jinn and mankind except to worship Me. I seek no provision from them, nor do I want them to feed Me. Surely Allah alone is the Provider, Possessor of all power, the Mighty.” 1 He also says: “And say, ‘All praise belongs to Allah, who has never taken a son, has no partner in His dominion, and has no protector out of weakness. Proclaim His greatness immensely.’” 2 And in what His Messenger (peace and blessings be upon him) related from Him, He says: “O My servants, you can never attain the power to benefit Me and thereby bring Me benefit, nor can you attain the power to harm Me and thereby cause Me harm.” 3

When the servant knows this, it produces in him strength of hope—strength of his hope in Allah—longing for what He has in store, placing all his needs before Him, and openly acknowledging his utter dependence upon and need for Him: “O mankind, it is you who stand in need of Allah, while Allah alone is the Self-Sufficient, the Praiseworthy.” 4 Hope, in turn, produces various forms of outward and inward servitude, according to the servant’s knowledge and understanding.

When the servant knows Allah’s justice, retribution, anger, displeasure, and punishment, this produces in him reverential fear, apprehension, caution, and avoidance of everything that incurs the Lord’s displeasure. Allah Most High says: “Fear Allah, and know that Allah is severe in punishment.” 5 And Allah says

(1) Surat al-Dhāriyāt, verses 56–58. (2) Surat al-Isrā, verse 111. (3) Part of the hadith of Abū Dharr—may Allah be pleased with him—recorded by Muslim in his Sahīh (no. 2577). (4) Surat Fātir, verse 15. (5) Surat al-Baqara, verse 196.

بهم الخيرَ، ويكشف عنهم الضرَّ، لا لجلب منفعة إليه من العبد، ولا لدفع مضرة، بل رحمةً منه وإحساناً، فهو سبحانه لم يخلق خلقه ليتكثّر بهم من قلّة، ولا ليعتزّ بهم من ذِلَّة، ولا ليرزقوه ولا لينفعوه، ولا يدفعوا عنه كما قال تعالى: ﴿وَمَا خَلَقْتُ الجِنَّ وَالإِنسَ إِلاَّ لِيَعْبُدُونِ مَا أُرِيدُ مِنْهُمْ مِن رِزْقٍ وَمَا أُرِيدُ أَن يُطْعِمُونِ إِنَّ اللهَ هُوَ الرَزَّاقُ ذُو القُوَّةِ المَتِينِ﴾ ١، وقال تعالى: ﴿وُقُلِ الحَمْدُ للهِ الَّذِي لَمْ يَتَّخِذْ وَلَداً وَلَمْ يَكُنْ لَهُ شَرِيكٌ فِي المُلْكِ وَلَمْ يَكُنْ لَهُ وَلِيٌّ مِنَ الذُّلِّ وَكَبِّرْهُ تَكْبِيراً﴾ ٢، وقال تعالى فيما رواه عنه رسوله ﷺ: "يا عبادي إنَّكم لن تبلُغوا نفعي فتنفعوني، ولن تبلُغوا ضَرِّي فتضروني"٣. فإذا عَلِم العبد ذلك أثمر فيه قوَّةَ الرّجاء ـ قوَّةَ رجائه بالله ـ وطمعه فيما عنده، وإنزال جميع حوائجه به، وإظهار افتقاره إليه واحتياجه له ﴿يَا أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ أَنتُمْ الفُقَرَاءُ إِلَى اللهِ وَاللهُ هُوَ الغَنِيُّ الحَمِيدُ﴾ ٤، والرجاء يُثمر أنواعَ العبودية الظاهرة والباطنة بحسب معرفة العبد وعلمه. وإذا علِم العبدُ بعدلِ الله وانتقامه وغضبه وسخطه وعقوبته فإنَّ هذا يثمر له الخشية والخوفَ والحذرَ والبعدَ عن مساخط الرب، قال الله تعالى: ﴿وَاتَّقُوا اللهَ وَاعْلَمُوا أَنَّ اللهَ شَدِيدُ العِقَابِ﴾ ٥، وقال الله

١ سورة الذاريات، الآيات: (٥٦ ـ ٥٨) . ٢ سورة الإسراء، الآية: (١١١) . ٣ جزء من حديث أبي ذر ﵁، أخرجه مسلم في صحيحه (برقم:٢٥٧٧) . ٤ سورة فاطر، الآية: (١٥) . ٥ سورة البقرة، الآية: (١٩٦) .