all the stars,’ because planets are those heavenly bodies that travel and are not used for navigation. They are therefore like the worshipper, whose benefit is confined to himself.”1
Thus, the hadith clearly demonstrates the superiority of knowledge over worship. It is also established from the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) in the Musnad of al-Bazzār, the Mustadrak of al-Hākim, and other works, through the hadith of Sa‘d ibn Abī Waqqās (may Allah be pleased with him), that he said: “The merit of knowledge is dearer to me than the merit of worship, and the best part of your religion is scrupulous piety.”2
Another indication that knowledge is superior to all supererogatory and recommended deeds, including remembrance, is that it combines the various virtues found separately in other deeds. It is narrated from Mu‘ādh ibn Jabal (may Allah be pleased with him) that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: “Acquire knowledge, for learning it is a good deed, seeking it is worship, reviewing it is glorification of Allah, investigating it is jihad, teaching it to those who do not know it is charity, and imparting it to those worthy of it is a means of drawing near to Allah. It provides the signposts of what is lawful and unlawful and is a beacon upon the path of the people of Paradise. It is a comfort in loneliness, a companion in exile, one who converses with you in solitude, a guide in prosperity and adversity, a weapon against enemies, and an adornment among close companions. Through it, Allah raises certain people and makes them leaders and exemplars in goodness: their footsteps are followed, their actions emulated, and their opinions deferred to. The angels long for their companionship and stroke them with their wings. Everything, wet or dry, seeks forgiveness for them, as do the fish and other creatures of the sea and the wild beasts and livestock of the land. This is because knowledge brings hearts to life from ignorance and provides lamps for the eyes amid darkness. Through knowledge, the servant attains