and been replaced by what is wholesome.” — End of Ibn al-Qayyim’s words.

Eating onions, garlic, and anything else that leaves a foul odor is disliked, especially for those intending to attend the mosques, for the Prophet—peace and blessings be upon him—said: “Whoever eats from this plant, let him not come near our place of prayer.”

If a person is compelled to eat something unlawful, fearing death or ruin if he does not—other than poison—it becomes permissible for him to consume only what will keep him alive, that is, just enough to preserve his strength, in keeping with the Divine statement: “But whoever is compelled, neither desiring it nor transgressing, there is no sin upon him” (2:173). Likewise, if someone is driven by necessity to food that belongs to another, while the owner also needs it, the owner is required to give him enough to stave off his hunger, in return for its value.

Shaykh al-Islam Ibn Taymiyyah (d. 728 AH) said: “If the person in dire need is poor, he owes no compensation, for feeding the hungry and clothing the naked is a collective duty that becomes an individual obligation upon anyone able to fulfil it when no one else does.”

When someone is forced to make use of another’s property in a way that leaves the item itself intact—such as borrowing clothing to ward off the cold, a rope to draw water, or a pot for cooking—the owner must allow its use free of charge, provided he himself does not need it, for Allah has reproached those who withhold such assistance, saying: “and they withhold al-maʿūn” (107:7).

Ibn ʿAbbās, Ibn Masʿūd, and others said: “Al-maʿūn is that which people pass around among themselves …”