He also said: “Whoever reviles the Companions—or any one of them—and combines that revilement with the claim that ʿAli is a god or a prophet, or that Gabriel made a mistake, is, beyond any doubt, a disbeliever.” That concludes his words.

Anyone who substitutes man-made legislation for the Islamic sharia, believing it to be more beneficial for people than the sharia, or who adopts communism or nationalism in place of Islam, is unquestionably an apostate.

The forms of apostasy are numerous. They include: one who claims knowledge of the unseen; one who does not declare the polytheists to be disbelievers, or doubts their unbelief, or regards their creed as correct; one who believes that the guidance of someone other than the Prophet ﷺ is more complete than his guidance, or that the judgment of someone other than the Prophet ﷺ is superior to his judgment; one who hates anything the Messenger ﷺ brought; one who mocks any part of the Messenger’s religion, its reward, or its punishment; likewise, anyone who openly sides with the polytheists and assists them against the Muslims; anyone who believes that certain people may lawfully step outside the law of Muhammad ﷺ—such as the extremists among the Sufis; and anyone who turns away from the religion of Allah, neither learning it nor acting upon it. All these matters constitute causes of apostasy and nullifiers of Islam.

Shaykh Muhammad ibn ʿAbd al-Wahhab said: “There is no distinction in any of these nullifiers between someone who says them in jest, in earnest, or out of fear—except for the one who is coerced. They are among the gravest dangers and the most frequent occurrences, so the Muslim must beware of them and fear them for himself. We seek refuge in Allah from whatever incurs His wrath and from the pain of His punishment.”

These are only examples of the nullifiers of Islam; they are far more numerous than what has been cited, so you must—