al-Moulakhas al-FiqhiSalih Al-Fawzan

Ibn al-Mundhir stated, “The majority of scholars are unanimously agreed that a diyah is payable for the loss of hearing.” Al-Muwaffaq likewise declared, “There is no disagreement that the diyah becomes obligatory when hearing is taken away.” The epistle of ʿAmr ibn Ḥazm also stipulates, “A full diyah is due for the sense of smell.”

ʿUmar—may Allah be pleased with him—judged the case of a man who struck another, causing the victim to lose his hearing, sight, sexual capacity, and intellect, and he awarded four complete diyahs while the man was still alive. No Companion is known to have opposed this ruling.

A full diyah is likewise obligatory for the loss of any of the following: speech, intellect, the ability to walk, the ability to eat, sexual function, and urinary or fecal continence, because each of these represents a great benefit unmatched elsewhere in the body.

The same full diyah applies to the destruction of any one of the four categories of hair: the hair of the head, the beard, the eyebrows, and the eyelashes. For a single eyebrow, half a diyah is payable, and for the eyelashes of one eye, a quarter of a diyah, since the diyah is apportioned among them according to their number.

From this we learn the esteem and worth Islam assigns to the beard: removing it incurs a full diyah because of its considerable benefit, beauty, and dignity. The Prophet—peace and blessings be upon him—commanded that it be left to grow and honored, and he forbade shaving, trimming, or otherwise violating it. Woe, then, to those who wage war on the beard, attacking it by shaving it off and removing it from their faces in imitation of women.

قال ابن المنذر: "أجمع عوام أهل العلم على أن في السمع الدية". وقال الموفق: "لا خلاف في وجوب الدية بذهاب السمع". وفي كتاب عمرو بن حزم: "وفي المشام الدية". ولقضاء عمر ﵁ في رجل ضرب رجلاً فذهب سمعه وبصره ونكاحه وعقله بأربع ديات والرجل حي، ولا يعرف له مخالف من الصحابة. وتجب الدية كاملة في إذهاب كل من الكلام والعقل والمشي والأكل والنكاح وعدم استمساك البول والغائط؛ لأن في كل واحدة من هذه منفعة كبيرة، ليس في البدن مثلها. ويجب في كل واحد من الشعور الأربعة الدية كاملة، وهي شعر الرأس وشعر اللحية وشعر الحاجبين وأهداب العينين، وفي الحاجب الواحد نصف الدية، وفي الهدب الواجب ربع الدية؛ لأن الدية تتوزع عليها بعددها. ومن هنا نعلم ما للحية في الإسلام من احترام وقيمة، حيث أوجب في إتلافها دية كاملة، وذلك لعظيم منفعتها وجمالها ووقارها، وقد أمر النبي ﷺ بتوفيرها وإكرامها، ونهى عن حلقها وقصها والتعدي عليها؛ فتبا لقوم حاربوها واعتدوا عليها بحلقها وإزالتها من وجوههم تشبها بالنساء

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