and twenty-five bint makhāḍ. If the offender tenders camels in this configuration, the guardian of the victim is obliged to accept them; yet, should he prefer, he may instead take their cash equivalent, reckoned by the market value of each category in every age.

For accidental homicide the diyah is lightened: the hundred camels are divided into five kinds—twenty bint makhāḍ, twenty bint labūn, twenty ḥiqqah, twenty jadhʿah, and twenty ibn makhāḍ—these animals themselves or their monetary equivalent, assessed according to the prevailing price of each grade.

A bint makhāḍ is a female camel that has completed one year; a bint labūn has completed two; a ḥiqqah three; and a jadhʿah four.

The diyah of a free non-Muslim from the People of the Book—whether a dhimmi, mustaʾman, or treaty-protected person—is one-half that of a Muslim. This rests on the report of ʿAmr ibn Shuʿayb, from his father, from his grandfather: “The Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, ruled that the blood money of the People of the Book is half that of the Muslims,” related by Ahmad, Abu Dawud, and others.

The diyah for a Magian—whether dhimmi, treaty partner, or mustaʾman—and likewise for an idolater who is treaty-protected or mustaʾman, is eight hundred Islamic dirhams, based on the hadith recorded by Ibn ʿAdī from ʿUqbah ibn ʿĀmir—may Allah be pleased with him—stating, “The diyah for a Magian is eight hundred dirhams.”