al-Moulakhas al-Fiqhi - Salih Al-Fawzan - (2/465)

Strangling the victim with a rope or the like, or blocking his mouth and nose, until he dies as a result.
Confining him and withholding food and drink so that he dies within the period in which people ordinarily perish under such conditions, and he is unable to seek help—for this usually leads to death.
Killing him by an act of sorcery that customarily proves fatal, and the sorcerer knows that it is usually lethal.
Administering poison to him without his knowledge, or mixing it into his food so that he eats it unaware of its presence.
Producing witnesses who testify that he committed a capital offense—such as adultery, apostasy, or murder—so he is executed, then the witnesses recant and admit, “We meant to have him killed.” They are executed in retaliation, for they achieved his death by a means that ordinarily brings about death.

Quasi-intentional homicide (shibh al-ʿamd) has been defined by the jurists as follows: “It is to intend an assault that normally does not kill 1, yet the victim dies from it—whether the act was motivated by aggression against him or for the purpose of disciplining him, but the assailant exceeded the proper limit. This category is called quasi-intentional because the perpetrator meant to commit the act but erred in causing death.”

Ibn Rushd said: “If a person deliberately strikes a particular man with an implement that ordinarily does not kill, the ruling wavers between intentional and accidental homicide: it resembles intentional homicide on account of his deliberate intention to strike, and it resembles accidental homicide on account of his using something that is not ordinarily meant to kill.” End quote.

(1) without having inflicted any wound on him with it.

الخامسة: أن يخنقه بحبل أو غيره أو يد فمه وأنفه فيموت من ذلك. السادسة: أن يحسبه ويمنع عنه الطعام والشراب فيموت من ذلك في مدة يموت فيها غالبا، ويتعذر عليه الطلب؛ لأن هذا يقتل غالبا. السابعة: أن يقتله بسحر يقتل غالبا، والساحر يعلم أن ذلك غالبا يقتل. الثامنة: أن يسقيه سمّا لا يعلم به، أو يخلطه بطعامه، فيأكله جاهلاً بوجود السم فيه. التاسعة: أن يشهد عليه شهود بما يوجب قتله من زنى أو ردة أو قتل، فيقتل ثم يرجع الشهود عن شهادتهم، ويقولون: تعمدنا قتله، فيقتلون به؛ لأنهم توصلوا إلى قتله بما يقتل غالبا. وشبه العمد: قد عرفه الفقهاء ﵏ بقولهم: "هو أن يقصد جناية لا تقتل غالبا ١، فيموت بها المجني عليه، سواء كان ذلك بقصد العدوان عليه، أو لأجل تأديبه، فيسرف في ذلك، وسمي هذا النوع من الجنايات شبه العمد؛ لأن الجاني قصد الفعل وأخطأ في القتل". قال ابن رشد: "من قصد ضرب رجل بعينه بآلة لا تقتل غالبا؛ كان حكمه مترددًا بين العمد والخطأ، فشبهه للعمد من جهة قصد ضربه، وشبهه للخطأ من جهة ضربه بما لا يقصد به القتل" انتهى.

١ ولم يجرحه بها.